Worksheet mutations practice answer key

Seattle’s 2023 class represents the second half of a draft-based reload which began last year, after the Seahawks finally admitted they were suffocating Russell Wilson and traded him to Denver so that he could fulfill his destiny. We were left with an unevenly-talented but surprisingly feisty roster which outperformed expectations all the way into the playoffs.
Our front office has been candid about some of its past mistakes in the draft, the most glaring of which have come when the team goes for need over talent. Last year, with the first half of our extra draft picks, we focused on acquiring as much talent as possible, rather than trying to address specific holes. The 2023 draft is very similar in that regard. In free agency, the team was restrained but practical, and added a few mid-range players to ensure a baseline of competency at the most problematic positions. This allowed them even more flexibility and leeway to be aggressive about drafting for talent.
What Seattle wants to be in 2023: I believe that Seattle would have loved to take Anthony Richardson, but the price to trade up was clearly too high. BUT - this is also a testament to the faith that they have in Geno Smith. They were not going to give up multiple first round picks when they think that Geno’s ceiling includes the potential for a Super Bowl run. I believe that is how the front office is looking at this team: They have a boatload of high draft picks over the last two years, which means an unusual number of blue chip prospects on cheap contracts. They also have a QB who has far outplayed his expectations, and if he can continue playing to even a similar level in 2023, will be outplaying his updated contract as well. I do think that Seattle has tried to take the burden off of Geno with the way that they drafted - but again, this has always been Pete Carroll’s philosophy. Pete Carroll doesn’t want the team to live or die on the arm of the quarterback. So, Seattle drafted to make every other part of the roster stronger and more competitive.
THE DRAFT
1.05) Devon Witherspoon - CB, Illinois
While I haven’t made much of Seattle’s needs, it’s obvious to anyone who watches the Seahawks that the defense needs dramatic improvement for this team to reach the next level. Tariq Woolen was a huge surprise as a rookie and a breakout star at right cornerback, but Seattle lacked an obvious answer on the opposite side. Devon Witherspoon is a true tone-setter for the defense as well as the perfect complement to Tariq at left cornerback. Where Tariq is supremely long, fast and fluid, Devon Witherspoon is smaller but more in-your-face. He’s violent, which is an unusual as well as a very exciting trait to list among the first attributes of a cornerback. The speed at which he triggers and the force with which he strikes ballcarriers are special for the position, and that physicality is especially welcome on the left side where he’ll be playing. But he’s also an adept cover man who posted great ball production in college (3 picks and 14 passes broken up in 2022), and for as much as his hitting pops off the screen, it’s actually his mental game which is most exciting of all.
He is one of those players who always seems to know what is happening before anyone else does - it looks like he’s guessing, but when he’s consistently right, over and over, it becomes apparent that he has a truly unusual aptitude for reading the game. That’s not just my own opinion, either - in Pete Carroll’s own words: “His make-up … how he approaches the game, the way he sees his opportunities and stuff. I’ve always held Troy in high regard in that. [Devon Witherspoon] is the closest I’ve come to that, someone talking and acting and performing like that … We’ve not seen a guy like this.”](https://trojanswire.usatoday.com/2023/04/29/nfl-draft-usc-football-seahawks-pete-carroll-reveals-troy-polamalu-traits-for-devon-witherspoon/)
1.20) Jaxon Smith-Njigba - WR, Ohio State
Tyler Lockett is 30, and going into his age-31 season. People talk about his upcoming cap hit, but he’s still nearly un-cuttable until 2025 due to dead money. Is a trade possible? Maybe, but that somehow feels unlikely. Does the team know that Tyler plans to retire relatively soon? It’s plausible - he does already have a fairly successful side gig going as a realtor. But where I’m actually going with this is … Seattle really needed a 3rd wide receiver even if the whole gang stays together. Dee Eskridge was meant to be that guy a couple of years ago, and it just hasn’t happened. JSN is on another level as a prospect, and by taking over the slot, allows DK and Tyler more freedom to attack the deep third of the field. I think we’ll see all three of them lined up in every position over the course of the season, but the way that JSN is able to attack the short and middle areas with body positioning and quick separation will potentially change the way our whole passing game works - even if he only logs, say, 50 or 60 catches. I’d be really happy with that from him in year 1.
It’s worth mentioning as well - our current OC (who some speculate could be our HC-in-waiting) is Shane Waldron, who was with the Rams as they unlocked the 90+ catch potential of Robert Woods and Cooper Kupp. JSN has the exact attributes to thrive in that kind of scheme - lots of digs, crosses, and pop routes off of play action - probably even more so than DK or Tyler. So even if he doesn’t go huge in year 1, this feels like a slam dunk pick for the future of this offense.
2.37) Derick Hall - EDGE, Auburn
Similar to Devon Witherspoon, Derick Hall is violent. The Seahawks defense has distinctly lacked a certain intimidation factor over the last few years, and Hall is another attempt to rectify that. There were some split opinions on Hall, but there are some indications that the Seahawks had Hall rated as a first-round talent on their big board. He’s not a refined rusher, but he’s very well-built and physical, and meets blockers with speed, aggression, and power.
Oftentimes we see elite athletes at the EDGE position we assume that they’ll be finesse players, but Hall is the opposite: while he’s squatty (a shade under 6’3” and 255) and very long (34” arms), he also boasts a 93rd percentile broad and 94th percentile 40 yard dash: he’s not trying to beat you around the corner, he’s a freight train with a dragster’s throttle and he’s going to hit you at full speed. He joins an already-young and talented group of EDGE defenders that includes stud free agent signing Uchenna Nwosu and two other recent 2nd-rounders in Darrell Taylor and Boye Mafe. Especially with EDGE rushers, it’s great to have a rotation. You love having a deep group that keeps each other fresh and allows you the flexibility to adapt to situations or matchups. Taylor and Mafe bring more of the typical bend and burst you expect from athletic EDGE players, and Hall’s power and violence is a welcome addition to the mix.
2.52) Zach Charbonnet - RB, UCLA
While fantasy football nerds everywhere donned black to mourn the wasted futures of both Ken Walker III and Zach Charbonnet, I chuckled to myself. There’s quite a lot of detail on this situation in that link, but the basic upshot is this: Seattle’s front office had Zach Charbonnet very high on their draft board. He was in consideration as early as pick 37, where they took Derick Hall. Our running game didn’t work very well last year when KWIII was injured, and they want to make sure that doesn’t happen again. But furthermore, even while KWIII was one of the most explosive running backs in the league as a rookie, he was also inconsistent. He ripped off a bunch of big runs, but there were a lot of others where he left meat on the bone.
I’m not suggesting that the rookie version of KWIII is his ceiling, but there was more room for improvement than I think is appreciated by a lot of people who don’t watch the Seahawks. Charbonnet doesn’t have the same breakaway ability, but on a run-to-run basis, he appears to be more consistent at getting 3 or 4 yards in the kinds of spots where KWIII was getting 1 or 2. Pete Carroll really wants a consistent run game, and if KWIII isn’t delivering that, he might just turn out to be the most exciting 1B in the league. Or maybe he’ll really take ownership of the 1A role and this situation looks a bit like the best of Nick Chubb and Kareem Hunt for the next 3 years. Bottom line: Charbonnet provides high-end depth to a position that has really struggled with injuries in recent years while also offering more potential as a pass blocker, more skill as a receiver, and more consistency and physicality as a ballcarrier. It’ll be really interesting to see how that shakes out in the touch ratios, but it’s not out of the realm of possibility that Charbonnet comes in and takes the priority spot on the depth chart. Pete Carroll indicates that he and Ken Walker will just have to battle it out.
4.108) Anthony Bradford - OG, LSU
While Seattle managed to nab not one but two starting offensive tackles in last year’s draft, the interior offensive line continued to be a mixed bag. Damien Lewis is entering the 4th year of his rookie contract and has been a little up-and-down since moving from RG to LG after a very good rookie season, and RG Gabe Jackson is currently a free agent. One of Seattle’s only notable FA signings was Detroit’s OC/G Evan Brown, whose 1-year deal gave us a veteran baseline at both C and G going into the draft. Anthony Bradford will be expected to push Brown for the RG spot in 2023 and hopefully be ready to take over by 2024.
Bradford is another tone-setter. His agility is average, but his combination of bulk and power is high-end - he’s 330 pounds and put up 34 bench reps while still testing in the top 25% of all interior linemen for his jumps and sprints. This is a pick is another demonstration of Seattle’s priorities: they want to play a physical brand of football on both sides of the ball. There’s a simplicity to this pick, summarized neatly by an anonymous offensive line coach at the bottom of of his NFL.com prospect profile: “I’ll take size and power all day over finesse guards who can move but don’t have any pop to them.”
It’s worth noting that Seattle picked here because Denver gave up their 2024 3rd round pick to swap 4.108 for pick 3.83. It seems relatively likely that 2024 pick is higher than 3.83, which in turn sort of makes this feel like a free 4th rounder. (Why does Denver want us to have so much of their draft capital?)
4.123) Cameron Young - DT, Mississippi State
One of Seattle’s biggest needs was interior defensive line, and this feels like one of the most obvious ‘need’ picks of the draft - though it’s telling that it doesn’t feel like Seattle specifically targeted a need until the middle rounds.
Cam Young isn’t a dynamic pass rusher, but he’s well-built for the interior and has very, very long arms (34.5”). He’s got a good anchor and combined with that length, gives us a viable player at nose tackle. He doesn’t have to be flashy to be an early contributor on the interior rotation, and by day 3 any consistent contribution feels like great value for any pick.
5.151) Mike Morris - DL, Michigan
Mike Morris is an interesting pick because he’s likely to play a different position for us than he played at Michigan, where he often played from a 2-point stance. He’s most likely going to be a 5-tech for us (a base end in 3-4/hybrid looks), because while he’s athletic - in the sense that he moves very well, shows decent balance, and has good hand-eye coordination - he’s not really explosive or twitchy enough to drop back into coverage or challenge offensive tackles with speed.
But he’s also huge. He’s over 6’5”, weighed 275 at the combine and will play around 290 for Seattle. Pete Carroll has indicated that he’ll play a similar role to Dre’Mont Jones and Jarran Reed, who are both 300-lb defensive ends in our scheme. Similarly to Young, a lack of depth in the rotation opens the possibility for early snaps.
5.154) Olusegun Oluwatimi - OC, Michigan
Now, he’s a pick that got a number of people pretty excited. I was personally a little bit surprised that they took Mike Morris ahead of “Olu Olu,” as center was both a bigger need than 5-tech, and Olu Olu was also widely regarded as a better prospect. But not only was Olu Olu regarded as a better prospect - many people thought that he could go as early as the 3rd or 4th round. PFF loves him, the Senior Bowl’s Jim Nagy loves him, and so did CFB’s awards - in 2022 he won both the Rimington Award as the nations best center as well as the Outland Trophy as the nation’s best interior lineman.
How did he slip to the 5th round? When you look at his scouting reports, you see terms like ‘functional athleticism’ and ‘adequate agility.’ We don’t have agility numbers for him, so it may well be that he simply knows his strengths - and that said, he does have some physical advantages. He’s about 310, which is on the larger side for a center, pretty good length, and also shows some legitimate explosiveness and power with his jumps and bench. But beyond that, he was a 4-year starter at Michigan who has loads of experience against top competition and a wide variety of defensive schemes. He’s smart. He can make all the calls, he knows where to be, and a center play goes a long way when a guy is in the right place at the right time while bringing plenty of power with him. Like Anthony Bradford, Olu will be challenging Evan Brown for an immediate role on the interior line. There’s guarantee, but there is a real chance this is our starting center for the next several years - and for a 5th round pick, just the legitimacy of that possibility represents a tremendous value.
6.198) Jerrick Reed II - S/DB, New Mexico
Not many people know who Jerrick Reed is, and that’s ok - he’s used to it. An undersized defensive back at 5’9” 196, Reed has done nothing but produce from high school, to community college, and eventually to a D-I scholarship to New Mexico State where he started for all 4 years. This continues a trend: the Seahawks again have taken a smart, tough player with lots of starting experience, who is a very hard worker, and who loves and understands the game. That will be important for a late-round pick trying to make the team, but the path to playing time might be shorter than you’d think.
When Seattle signed Julian Love in free agency, there were questions about what that meant for Quandre Diggs and Jamal Adams. Apparently, per Pete Carroll, it doesn’t mean anything - they intend to play a lot of 3-safety looks. It’s worth noting that this is something they were already doing at the beginning of last year, before Jamal Adams got injured (again). If this defense is playing with 3 safeties much of the time - which is made even more likely by the lack of depth and talent at off-ball linebacker - then a 4th or 5th safety is much closer than usual to being an immediate backup. Reed’s not going to get any looks on the outside, but he can legitimately back up the free safety, strong safety, and nickel positions. He also has a ton of experience on special teams, and the ability to fill 4 or more different roles on a squad is exactly the kind of thing that makes depth guys stick to final rosters.
7.237) Kenny McIntosh - RB, Georgia
Similar to Olu Olu, Kenny McIntosh is a player who many people thought could go much earlier than he did. The problem with Kenny McIntosh - in my opinion - is simply that he had a very worrying series of predraft measurements. He seemingly dropped weight to run at the combine, but only managed a 4.63 at 204 lbs. He was back up to 216 for Georgia’s pro day, but again only managed a 4.66 along with some other mediocre-to-poor numbers. Teams seemed more interested in other more-explosive backs, or runners with better resumes as pure ballcarriers.
But at this point in the draft, that lack of interest became Seattle’s gain. Because in Seattle, Kenny McIntosh is not only going to be allowed to play to his strengths - he’s going to be expected to, because there’s a specific role on this team for a player exactly like him. One of the Seahawks most underrated losses this offseason was running back Travis Homer. It wouldn’t surprise me if most people don’t know who he is, but he had a definite role as a third-down back in addition to special teams duties. Like Jerrick Reed, it will definitely help McIntosh’s case for a roster spot if he can prove his worth on special teams. But he may not have to. Travis Homer was not a particularly good ballcarrier. He was small - also around 205 - wasn’t creative, wasn’t powerful, wasn’t especially fast or twitchy. But he was a tremendous pass blocker and a serviceable receiver, and those two things earned him about a quarter of all offensive snaps (484) in games he played in over the last 3 seasons. If that seems high, that’s because it is - especially for a running back who only touched the ball 106 times in that span. Compare that to DeeJay Dallas, who had about half-again as many touches on a similar number of snaps.
While Ken Walker III and Zach Charbonnet are going to be the running backs who the offense specifically tries to feed the ball, Kenny McIntosh could easily be the running back that the team wants on the field in the most obvious passing situations. Zach Charbonnet was also one of the most productive receivers among college running backs, but Kenny McIntosh is probably smoother and more refined as both a route runner and a receiver. McIntosh registered zero drops on 90 targets, posted a PFF grade over 90 as a receiver, and is also already a very reliable pass blocker. That means there’s already a role for him on the Seahawks, and KWIII and Charbs aren’t necessarily in his way - if anything, those guys might be battling for the 3rd-down snaps that Seattle’s coaches assume will go to McIntosh. Again, as with several of these other day three picks - this 7th rounder enters training camp with a great shot to take hold of an important role early on. He may only log 20 carries and 20 catches in the stat book over the course of the season, but it might also be on 150-200 snaps, and in important game situations. And if he’s able to keep KWIII and Charbs that much fresher, and especially if he’s just the best for those situations, once again that’s tremendous value for the back end of the draft.
I’m really excited for this draft class.
Go Hawks.

Introduction
I was never a student that tried when I was in high school. I would always do the bare minimum at school (Except for classes I liked such as biology and anatomy) then go back home to practice calisthenics, lift weights, play video games, or watch anime. I never really thought about college or what my future in education would be, I was simply just going with the flow. When went to college I had to teach myself how to learn and adjust to the fast-paced classes, but in the process of doing so, I grew to love learning how to learn. I am still improving and I want to see if you guys can give me advice on how to improve the speed of my learning.
I recently took organic chemistry 1. While I did get an A, I spent a ridiculous amount of time studying. This worries me because I have a harder workload next semester and I don’t know if I’ll be able to maintain the amount of studying for organic chemistry. I want to be able to study multiple subjects instead of focusing on one while neglecting the others. I do know that I’ll be spending more time on orgo, but I still want to improve my studying techniques.
What I currently do

• Outlines
• Organizers
• Practice and Application
• Spaced repetition

I’ve watched a bunch of videos online about learning, but I didn’t want to overcomplicate everything and confuse myself so I kept it simple

1. Outline

I made an outline of the chapter I read at the time using the subsections of that chapter. The general format is (1) Chapter 1, (2) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc., (3) organizers for each subsection of the chapter. Here’s an example of one of the subsections of the chapter outline
16.7 Diels–Alder Reactions * SEQ Mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction * EXPLAIN The Thermodynamic considerations of Diels-AldeRetro Diels-Alder reactions * DEFINE A Dienophile * EXPLAIN Why substituents are preferred in a Diels-Alder Reaction * EXPLAIN Stereospecificity of Diels-Alder Reactions * SEQ Predicting the product of a diels–alder reaction * EXPLAIN How Equilibrium between s-Cis and s-Trans affects reactivity * EXPLAIN Why Cyclopentadiene is so reactive (with Diels-Alder Reactions and itself) * DEFINE Endo and Exo positions * SEQ and EXPLAIN The Endo preference of Cyclopentadiene * EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is symmetrical * SEQ and EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is UNsymmetrical

1. Organizers

When I say organizer, I mean tables, flowcharts, diagrams/models, and things of that sort.
Under each subsection of the chapter, I typed a list of organizers to draw out, as you see above. I add these to my outline as I read the chapter. I also draw out each organizer as I read the chapter so I was essentially writing notes.

1. Practicing problems

I usually started this part a week before the tests because the organizers (AKA notes) part took up most of my time. I basically did the weekly questions my professor gave us and practice tests. I did the problems with my notes open so I can give a really detailed answer to the questions because I got the best results when I did this. I feel like using my notes for help while writing detailed answers to each problem helped my conceptual understanding, and I ended up getting A’s on all 3 tests and the final so I did think the way I did my problems is the part that needs modification.

1. Spaced Repetition

Not gonna lie, I didn’t do a lot of spaced repetition because I kind of just remembers everything from my organizers for the most part. If I did, I would go over them really quickly or do problems involving those topics. I did use Quizlet and Anki to memorize the pKa values and for the IUPAC naming system, but other than that I didn’t use those apps
So this is what I did for one of the harder classes I took last semester. As I said before, I really want to work on speeding up learning for these difficult topics and balancing multiple subjects at once so any piece of advice helps. Thanks in advance.

Introduction
I was never a student that tried when I was in high school. I would always do the bare minimum at school (Except for classes I liked such as biology and anatomy) then go back home to practice calisthenics, lift weights, play video games, or watch anime. I never really thought about college or what my future in education would be, I was simply just going with the flow. When went to college I had to teach myself how to learn and adjust to the fast-paced classes, but in the process of doing so, I grew to love learning how to learn. I am still improving and I want to see if you guys can give me advice on how to improve the speed of my learning.
I recently took organic chemistry 1. While I did get an A, I spent a ridiculous amount of time studying. This worries me because I have a harder workload next semester and I don’t know if I’ll be able to maintain the amount of studying for organic chemistry. I want to be able to study multiple subjects instead of focusing on one while neglecting the others. I do know that I’ll be spending more time on orgo, but I still want to improve my studying techniques.
What I currently do

• Outlines
• Organizers
• Practice and Application
• Spaced repetition

I’ve watched a bunch of videos online about learning, but I didn’t want to overcomplicate everything and confuse myself so I kept it simple

1. Outline

I made an outline of the chapter I read at the time using the subsections of that chapter. The general format is (1) Chapter 1, (2) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc., (3) organizers for each subsection of the chapter. Here’s an example of one of the subsections of the chapter outline
16.7 Diels–Alder Reactions * SEQ Mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction * EXPLAIN The Thermodynamic considerations of Diels-AldeRetro Diels-Alder reactions * DEFINE A Dienophile * EXPLAIN Why substituents are preferred in a Diels-Alder Reaction * EXPLAIN Stereospecificity of Diels-Alder Reactions * SEQ Predicting the product of a diels–alder reaction * EXPLAIN How Equilibrium between s-Cis and s-Trans affects reactivity * EXPLAIN Why Cyclopentadiene is so reactive (with Diels-Alder Reactions and itself) * DEFINE Endo and Exo positions * SEQ and EXPLAIN The Endo preference of Cyclopentadiene * EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is symmetrical * SEQ and EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is UNsymmetrical

1. Organizers

When I say organizer, I mean tables, flowcharts, diagrams/models, and things of that sort.
Under each subsection of the chapter, I typed a list of organizers to draw out, as you see above. I add these to my outline as I read the chapter. I also draw out each organizer as I read the chapter so I was essentially writing notes.

1. Practicing problems

I usually started this part a week before the tests because the organizers (AKA notes) part took up most of my time. I basically did the weekly questions my professor gave us and practice tests. I did the problems with my notes open so I can give a really detailed answer to the questions because I got the best results when I did this. I feel like using my notes for help while writing detailed answers to each problem helped my conceptual understanding, and I ended up getting A’s on all 3 tests and the final so I did think the way I did my problems is the part that needs modification.

1. Spaced Repetition

Not gonna lie, I didn’t do a lot of spaced repetition because I kind of just remembers everything from my organizers for the most part. If I did, I would go over them really quickly or do problems involving those topics. I did use Quizlet and Anki to memorize the pKa values and for the IUPAC naming system, but other than that I didn’t use those apps
So this is what I did for one of the harder classes I took last semester. As I said before, I really want to work on speeding up learning for these difficult topics and balancing multiple subjects at once so any piece of advice helps. Thanks in advance.

Hi there! A week ago I began my SQL journey with DeBarros's Practical SQL. I'm currently on Chapter 5 where I'm being asked to import a census dataset to a table in postgre (I'm using PGadmin).
I had no trouble creating the table. Unfortunately, every time I enter the code to import the data itself, I get returned an error message.
This is the code that I enter:

COPY us_counties_pop_est_2019 FROM 'C:/home/**MyDirectory**/Downloads/practical-sql-2-main/us_counties_pop_est_2019.csv' WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER); 

And this is the error message I get back:

ERROR: could not open file "C:/home/julianassele/Downloads/practical-sql-2-main/us_counties_pop_est_2019.csv" for reading: No such file or directory HINT: COPY FROM instructs the PostgreSQL server process to read a file. You may want a client-side facility such as psql's \copy. 

Any ideas as to what I'm doing wrong? I'm currently running POP!_OS on Linux. I'd be happy to answer any and all questions you may have. Thanks!

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionised numerous industries, and healthcare is no exception. The integration of AI in healthcare holds immense potential for improving patient care, optimising operations, and enhancing decision-making processes.
We will explore how AI can create opportunities for healthcare clinics, specifically in Asia, regarding marketing. We will also delve into the challenges associated with AI implementation and highlight ways business owners and clinics can leverage AI effectively.

What is AI, and how can it help open opportunities for Healthcare Clinics in Asia?

AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to mimic cognitive functions such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Integrating AI technologies in healthcare clinics can lead to numerous opportunities, particularly in marketing efforts.

Here's how AI can benefit healthcare clinics in Asia:

1. Personalised marketing campaigns: AI algorithms can analyse vast patient data to identify patterns and preferen ces. This enables healthcare clinics to create customised marketing campaigns targeting specific patient demographics, leading to higher engagement and conversion rates.
2. Predictive analytics: AI-powered predictive analytics can help clinics identify potential patients by analysing historical data and patterns. This allows clinics to proactively reach out to individuals who may require specific healthcare services, thereby increasing patient acquisition and retention rates.
3. Chatbots and virtual assistants: AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants can instantly respond to patient inquiries, streamline appointment scheduling, and offer essential medical advice. These automated systems can improve patient satisfaction, reduce administrative workload, and improve clinic efficiency.
4. Targeted advertising: AI algorithms can analyse patient data and behaviour to identify the most relevant channels and platforms for targeted advertising. By optimising marketing spend and reaching the right audience, healthcare clinics can improve brand awareness and attract potential patients effectively.

Challenges associated with AI Implementation in Healthcare Marketing

While AI presents promising opportunities, there are several challenges that healthcare clinics may encounter during its implementation:

1. Data privacy and security: AI involves processing large volumes of sensitive patient data. Healthcare clinics must adhere to strict data privacy regulations, ensuring the security and confidentiality of patient information to maintain trust and comply with legal requirements.
2. Ethical considerations: AI algorithms should be designed with ethical principles, ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability. Avoiding bias in data collection and model training is crucial to provide equitable and unbiased healthcare services.
3. Technical expertise and infrastructure: Implementing AI in healthcare marketing requires specialised technical knowledge and infrastructure. Business owners and clinics may need help recruiting and training professionals with the necessary skills and establishing the required computing infrastructure.
4. Integration and interoperability: Integrating AI systems with existing healthcare infrastructure and ensuring interoperability with electronic health records (EHRs) can be complex. Compatibility issues and data integration challenges must be addressed for seamless AI implementation.

How can business owners and clinics take advantage of AI?

To leverage AI effectively in healthcare marketing, business owners and clinics can consider the following strategies:

1. Invest in AI talent: Recruit or train professionals with AI, machine learning, and data analytics expertise. These experts can help implement AI solutions and extract valuable insights from patient data.
2. Collaborate with technology partners: Partnering with AI solution providers or technology companies can accelerate AI adoption in healthcare marketing. These collaborations can offer access to advanced AI tools, expertise, and ongoing support.
3. Implement data-driven marketing strategies: Utilise AI-powered analytics platforms to gain insights into patient behaviour, preferences, and market trends. This information can inform targeted marketing campaigns, allowing clinics to allocate resources more effectively.

Ensure compliance and ethics

Stay up-to-date with data privacy regulations and use AI technologies ethically. Establish transparent practices and mechanisms to address bias and fairness in AI algorithms, promoting patient trust and confidence.

1. Embrace chatbots and virtual assistants: Implement AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants to enhance patient engagement and streamline administrative tasks. These tools can provide 24/7 support, answer frequently asked questions, and assist with appointment scheduling, freeing up staff time for more critical tasks.
2. Leverage predictive analytics: Utilise AI-powered predictive analytics to identify patient trends, anticipate healthcare needs, and proactively reach out to potential patients. This can help clinics stay ahead of the competition and deliver personalised healthcare services.
3. Optimise digital marketing campaigns: Utilise AI algorithms to optimise digital marketing campaigns by analysing patient data, identifying the most effective channels, and tailoring content to specific patient segments. This can maximise the return on investment (ROI) and drive patient acquisition and engagement.
4. Continuously evaluate and improve AI systems: Regularly assess the performance of AI systems and refine them based on user feedback and changing patient needs. This iterative approach ensures that AI solutions evolve and align with marketing goals and patient expectations.

But be cautious when using AI technology in healthcare marketing

While AI offers tremendous opportunities, navigating potential pitfalls and ensuring responsible implementation is essential. Here are some points to consider:

1. Data quality and reliability: AI algorithms heavily rely on data inputs for accurate decision-making. Ensuring that the data used for training and analysis is high quality, reliable, and representative of the diverse patient population is crucial. Biased or incomplete data can lead to inaccurate insights and biased outcomes.
2. Human oversight and intervention: AI should not replace human expertise and judgment. It should be viewed as a tool to augment decision-making rather than a substitute for healthcare professionals. Human oversight is essential to interpret AI-generated insights, verify results, and make informed decisions based on a holistic understanding of patient needs.
3. Transparency and explainability: AI algorithms can be complex and challenging to interpret. It is crucial to prioritise transparency and ensure that AI systems are explainable, allowing healthcare professionals and patients to understand how decisions are made. This transparency builds trust and helps address concerns related to AI's black-box nature.
4. Legal and ethical considerations: Healthcare clinics must adhere to legal and ethical guidelines when using AI in marketing. Ensure compliance with data protection regulations, patient consent requirements, and ethical principles such as fairness, privacy, and accountability. The government should impose clear policies and protocols to handle sensitive patient data and address ethical concerns that may arise.
5. Patient perception and acceptance: Introducing AI technology in healthcare marketing may raise patient concerns regarding privacy, data security, and the human touch in healthcare. It is crucial to communicate AI's benefits, safeguards, and ethical use to address patient concerns and gain their acceptance. Open communication and education can foster a positive perception of AI technology.
6. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation: Implementing AI in healthcare marketing is ongoing. Continuously monitor and evaluate the performance and impact of AI systems. Regularly assess patient feedback, measure outcomes, and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal results and mitigate potential risks or unintended consequences.

By approaching AI technology in healthcare marketing with caution and mindfulness, healthcare clinics can harness its benefits while mitigating potential challenges. Responsible AI implementation and human expertise can improve patient experiences, better marketing strategies, and, ultimately, enhanced healthcare outcomes.
AI presents significant opportunities for healthcare clinics in Asia in terms of marketing. From personalised campaigns and predictive analytics to chatbots and targeted advertising, AI technologies can enhance patient engagement, optimise marketing strategies, and drive business growth. However, healthcare clinics must also address challenges such as data privacy, ethical considerations, technical expertise, and integration hurdles.
By investing in AI talent, collaborating with technology partners, and embracing data-driven strategies, business owners and clinics can harness the power of AI to improve marketing outcomes, deliver better patient experiences, and stay competitive in the dynamic healthcare landscape.
Originaly published at https://caseyordona.com/ai-in-healthcare-opportunities-and-challenges-in-terms-of-marketing/

📷 The Essential Travel Toiletry Bag: What You Need to Know

Introduction

Traveling can be stressful, especially when it comes to packing. One of the most important items to pack is a toiletry bag. A good toiletry bag can make your trip more organized and less stressful. In this article, we will discuss the essential features of a travel toiletry bag and how to choose the right one for your needs.

Size and Capacity

The size and capacity of a travel toiletry bag are important factors to consider. You want a bag that is big enough to hold all of your toiletries, but not so big that it takes up too much space in your luggage. Look for a bag that has multiple compartments and pockets to keep your items organized. A hanging toiletry bag is also a great option as it can be hung up in the bathroom, saving counter space.

Material and Durability

The material and durability of a travel toiletry bag are also important. Look for a bag that is made of a durable material such as nylon or polyester. These materials are lightweight and easy to clean. A waterproof lining is also a great feature to have, as it will protect your items from any spills or leaks.

Security

When traveling, it is important to keep your items secure. Look for a toiletry bag that has a sturdy zipper or lock to keep your items safe. A bag with a TSA-approved lock is also a great option, as it will allow you to lock your bag while going through airport security.

Organization

Organization is key when it comes to packing a toiletry bag. Look for a bag that has multiple compartments and pockets to keep your items organized. A clear plastic bag is also a great option, as it allows you to easily see what is inside. You can also use packing cubes to keep your toiletries separate from your clothing.

Conclusion

A good travel toiletry bag is an essential item for any traveler. When choosing a bag, consider the size and capacity, material and durability, security features, and organization. With the right toiletry bag, you can travel with ease and confidence.
References:
​

• Travel + Leisure: The Best Toiletry Bags for Travel, According to a Pro
• SmarterTravel: 10 Best travel toiletry bags for Men and Women

Article Source: None

Introduction
I was never a student that tried when I was in high school. I would always do the bare minimum at school (Except for classes I liked such as biology and anatomy) then go back home to practice calisthenics, lift weights, play video games, or watch anime. I never really thought about college or what my future in education would be, I was simply just going with the flow. When went to college I had to teach myself how to learn and adjust to the fast-paced classes, but in the process of doing so, I grew to love learning how to learn. I am still improving and I want to see if you guys can give me advice on how to improve the speed of my learning.
I recently took organic chemistry 1. While I did get an A, I spent a ridiculous amount of time studying. This worries me because I have a harder workload next semester and I don’t know if I’ll be able to maintain the amount of studying for organic chemistry. I want to be able to study multiple subjects instead of focusing on one while neglecting the others. I do know that I’ll be spending more time on orgo, but I still want to improve my studying techniques.
What I currently do

• Outlines
• Organizers
• Practice and Application
• Spaced repetition

I’ve watched a bunch of videos online about learning, but I didn’t want to overcomplicate everything and confuse myself so I kept it simple

1. Outline

I made an outline of the chapter I read at the time using the subsections of that chapter. The general format is (1) Chapter 1, (2) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc., (3) organizers for each subsection of the chapter. Here’s an example of one of the subsections of the chapter outline
16.7 Diels–Alder Reactions * SEQ Mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction * EXPLAIN The Thermodynamic considerations of Diels-AldeRetro Diels-Alder reactions * DEFINE A Dienophile * EXPLAIN Why substituents are preferred in a Diels-Alder Reaction * EXPLAIN Stereospecificity of Diels-Alder Reactions * SEQ Predicting the product of a diels–alder reaction * EXPLAIN How Equilibrium between s-Cis and s-Trans affects reactivity * EXPLAIN Why Cyclopentadiene is so reactive (with Diels-Alder Reactions and itself) * DEFINE Endo and Exo positions * SEQ and EXPLAIN The Endo preference of Cyclopentadiene * EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is symmetrical * SEQ and EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is UNsymmetrical

1. Organizers

When I say organizer, I mean tables, flowcharts, diagrams/models, and things of that sort.
Under each subsection of the chapter, I typed a list of organizers to draw out, as you see above. I add these to my outline as I read the chapter. I also draw out each organizer as I read the chapter so I was essentially writing notes.

1. Practicing problems

I usually started this part a week before the tests because the organizers (AKA notes) part took up most of my time. I basically did the weekly questions my professor gave us and practice tests. I did the problems with my notes open so I can give a really detailed answer to the questions because I got the best results when I did this. I feel like using my notes for help while writing detailed answers to each problem helped my conceptual understanding, and I ended up getting A’s on all 3 tests and the final so I did think the way I did my problems is the part that needs modification.

1. Spaced Repetition

Not gonna lie, I didn’t do a lot of spaced repetition because I kind of just remembers everything from my organizers for the most part. If I did, I would go over them really quickly or do problems involving those topics. I did use Quizlet and Anki to memorize the pKa values and for the IUPAC naming system, but other than that I didn’t use those apps
So this is what I did for one of the harder classes I took last semester. As I said before, I really want to work on speeding up learning for these difficult topics and balancing multiple subjects at once so any piece of advice helps. Thanks in advance.

Hi!
I am working in the metalindustry as an R&D engineer. I have to use SAP a lot for different things, f.e.:
-planning additional samples during manufacturing -changeing Parameters of the production -work together with Consultants to create Excel workbooks with Analysis Plugins
I have zero expertise with SAP, only the experience from the last months in my job.
What do you suggest to understand the whole System better? Know i really dont understand whats going on behind what i do. I also have the oppertunity to become KeyUser for SAP in my department. I really don't know if i want that and don't know how to decide. Any Help for me to find a answer?
Thanks!

Introduction
I was never a student that tried when I was in high school. I would always do the bare minimum at school (Except for classes I liked such as biology and anatomy) then go back home to practice calisthenics, lift weights, play video games, or watch anime. I never really thought about college or what my future in education would be, I was simply just going with the flow. When went to college I had to teach myself how to learn and adjust to the fast-paced classes, but in the process of doing so, I grew to love learning how to learn. I am still improving and I want to see if you guys can give me advice on how to improve the speed of my learning.
I recently took organic chemistry 1. While I did get an A, I spent a ridiculous amount of time studying. This worries me because I have a harder workload next semester and I don’t know if I’ll be able to maintain the amount of studying for organic chemistry. I want to be able to study multiple subjects instead of focusing on one while neglecting the others. I do know that I’ll be spending more time on orgo, but I still want to improve my studying techniques.
What I currently do
​

• Outlines
• Organizers
• Practice and Application
• Spaced repetition

I’ve watched a bunch of videos online about learning, but I didn’t want to overcomplicate everything and confuse myself so I kept it simple
​

1. Outline

I made an outline of the chapter I read at the time using the subsections of that chapter. The general format is (1) Chapter 1, (2) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc., (3) organizers for each subsection of the chapter. Here’s an example of one of the subsections of the chapter outline
16.7 Diels–Alder Reactions
​

• SEQ Mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction
• EXPLAIN The Thermodynamic considerations of Diels-AldeRetro Diels-Alder reactions
• DEFINE A Dienophile
• EXPLAIN Why substituents are preferred in a Diels-Alder Reaction
• EXPLAIN Stereospecificity of Diels-Alder Reactions
• SEQ Predicting the product of a diels–alder reaction
• EXPLAIN How Equilibrium between s-Cis and s-Trans affects reactivity
• EXPLAIN Why Cyclopentadiene is so reactive (with Diels-Alder Reactions and itself)
• DEFINE Endo and Exo positions
• SEQ and EXPLAIN The Endo preference of Cyclopentadiene
• EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is symmetrical
• SEQ and EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is UNsymmetrical

​

1. Organizers

When I say organizer, I mean tables, flowcharts, diagrams/models, and things of that sort.
Under each subsection of the chapter, I typed a list of organizers to draw out, as you see above. I add these to my outline as I read the chapter. I also draw out each organizer as I read the chapter so I was essentially writing notes.
​

1. Practicing problems

I usually started this part a week before the tests because the organizers (AKA notes) part took up most of my time. I basically did the weekly questions my professor gave us and practice tests. I did the problems with my notes open so I can give a really detailed answer to the questions because I got the best results when I did this. I feel like using my notes for help while writing detailed answers to each problem helped my conceptual understanding, and I ended up getting A’s on all 3 tests and the final so I did think the way I did my problems is the part that needs modification.
​

1. Spaced Repetition

Not gonna lie, I didn’t do a lot of spaced repetition because I kind of just remembers everything from my organizers for the most part. If I did, I would go over them really quickly or do problems involving those topics. I did use Quizlet and Anki to memorize the pKa values and for the IUPAC naming system, but other than that I didn’t use those apps
So this is what I did for one of the harder classes I took last semester. As I said before, I really want to work on speeding up learning for these difficult topics and balancing multiple subjects at once so any piece of advice helps. Thanks in advance.

Introduction
​
I was never a student that tried when I was in high school. I would always do the bare minimum at school (Except for classes I liked such as biology and anatomy) then go back home to practice calisthenics, lift weights, play video games, or watch anime. I never really thought about college or what my future in education would be, I was simply just going with the flow. When went to college I had to teach myself how to learn and adjust to the fast-paced classes, but in the process of doing so, I grew to love learning how to learn. I am still improving and I want to see if you guys can give me advice on how to improve the speed of my learning.
​
I recently took organic chemistry 1. While I did get an A, I spent a ridiculous amount of time studying. This worries me because I have a harder workload next semester and I don’t know if I’ll be able to maintain the amount of studying for organic chemistry. I want to be able to study multiple subjects instead of focusing on one while neglecting the others. I do know that I’ll be spending more time on orgo, but I still want to improve my studying techniques.
​
​
What I currently do
​
* Outlines
* Organizers
* Practice and Application
* Spaced repetition
​
I’ve watched a bunch of videos online about learning, but I didn’t want to overcomplicate everything and confuse myself so I kept it simple
​

1. Outline

​
I made an outline of the chapter I read at the time using the subsections of that chapter. The general format is (1) Chapter 1, (2) 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc., (3) organizers for each subsection of the chapter. Here’s an example of one of the subsections of the chapter outline
​
16.7 Diels–Alder Reactions
* SEQ Mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction
* EXPLAIN The Thermodynamic considerations of Diels-AldeRetro Diels-Alder reactions
* DEFINE A Dienophile
* EXPLAIN Why substituents are preferred in a Diels-Alder Reaction
* EXPLAIN Stereospecificity of Diels-Alder Reactions
* SEQ Predicting the product of a diels–alder reaction
* EXPLAIN How Equilibrium between s-Cis and s-Trans affects reactivity
* EXPLAIN Why Cyclopentadiene is so reactive (with Diels-Alder Reactions and itself)
* DEFINE Endo and Exo positions
* SEQ and EXPLAIN The Endo preference of Cyclopentadiene
* EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is symmetrical
* SEQ and EXPLAIN Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions when the diene or dienophile is UNsymmetrical
​
​
​

1. Organizers

​
When I say organizer, I mean tables, flowcharts, diagrams/models, and things of that sort.
​
Under each subsection of the chapter, I typed a list of organizers to draw out, as you see above. I add these to my outline as I read the chapter. I also draw out each organizer as I read the chapter so I was essentially writing notes.
​
​

1. Practicing problems

​
I usually started this part a week before the tests because the organizers (AKA notes) part took up most of my time. I basically did the weekly questions my professor gave us and practice tests. I did the problems with my notes open so I can give a really detailed answer to the questions because I got the best results when I did this. I feel like using my notes for help while writing detailed answers to each problem helped my conceptual understanding, and I ended up getting A’s on all 3 tests and the final so I did think the way I did my problems is the part that needs modification.
​
​

1. Spaced Repetition

​
Not gonna lie, I didn’t do a lot of spaced repetition because I kind of just remembers everything from my organizers for the most part. If I did, I would go over them really quickly or do problems involving those topics. I did use Quizlet and Anki to memorize the pKa values and for the IUPAC naming system, but other than that I didn’t use those apps
​
​
​
So this is what I did for one of the harder classes I took last semester. As I said before, I really want to work on speeding up learning for these difficult topics and balancing multiple subjects at once so any piece of advice helps. Thanks in advance.

I've been brainstorming a bit on personal statement topics recently and reading over other people's examples too. I've heard that the personal statement should show who you are as a person through narrative and also why you want to pursue law. However, a dilemma that I have been having is that I feel as if there are experiences/anecdotes in my life that reveal a lot about myself as a person and that I can weave into a good narrative, but do not directly or necessarily contribute to my desire to pursue law. Essentially (and very broadly), I want to write about an experience I had where I was in the wrong and how that led me to realize a virtue (that truth and compassion need to go hand when speaking out for what you believe in). I then explain that this virtue is a characteristic of a good lawyer and how I want to exemplify that in my future practice.
While I think this experience more than any other reveals a lot about my growth and personality, I don't think it does a very good job of directly answer why I want to pursue law. However, if I were to write about my journey to pursuing law, I am afraid that it will be too methodical, not revealing as much of who I am as a person, and may not be much more than an expository version of my resume.
Does anyone have any tips on how to resolve this dilemma? That is, to what extent should my personal statement be a revealing piece about me as an individual versus an explanation of why I want to pursue law? Obviously ideally it should be both, but I am struggling to reconcile these two aspects of the personal statement and would appreciate any advice!

Ok lets get the basics out of the way, yes I am a geek. I practically came out of the womb with a gaming controller and I Currently play on PC, Switch, and PS5 (catch me on Destiny or Legend of Zelda). I learned how to read from reading Comics and I'm still a huge fan of them (Spider-Man is the best, don't agree then fight me). Anime has had a rocky road with me but ultimately I fell in love with them and will talk your ear off about Bleach.
I'm personally looking for someone geeky, doesn't have to have all the same interest but I would love some similarities. Ultimately I want someone who can handle my quirks and my jokes (lots of dad jokes and dark humor). Other than my nerdiness I do love other stuff like road trips, trying new foods, and adventuring.
If you think you are up to the task then message me with the answers of these 3 questions:
Favorite comic Charactes and why? Favorite video game/s? Favorite anime/s?

Ok lets get the basics out of the way, yes I am a geek. I practically came out of the womb with a gaming controller and I Currently play on PC, Switch, and PS5 (catch me on Destiny or Legend of Zelda). I learned how to read from reading Comics and I'm still a huge fan of them (Spider-Man is the best, don't agree then fight me). Anime has had a rocky road with me but ultimately I fell in love with them and will talk your ear off about Bleach.
I'm personally looking for someone geeky, doesn't have to have all the same interest but I would love some similarities. Ultimately I want someone who can handle my quirks and my jokes (lots of dad jokes and dark humor). Other than my nerdiness I do love other stuff like road trips, trying new foods, and adventuring.
If you think you are up to the task then message me with the answers of these 3 questions:
Favorite comic Charactes and why? Favorite video game/s? Favorite anime/s?

In case you haven't heard, on July 1, Reddit is changing their API policy in a way that will kill 3rd party apps. If you are using Reddit through a 3rd party app like Apollo, RiF, Boost etc., you will no longer be able to do so. Read more about it here https://redd.it/13wshdp but the short version is

• 3rd Party Apps are becoming prohibitively expensive to run. Ad-supported tiers are getting banned outright and using Apollo as an example it would cost nearly $2million per month (source: https://redd.it/13ws4w3 ). This will basically be the death knell for third party apps; if you currently access reddit through a third party app, you will no longer be able to do so.
  
• The NSFW API is getting shut down so the only way to access NSFW content is through the official App. This means that even if 3rd party apps survive, they only get 40% of the content. This also means that many of the bots and moderation practices that prevent, for example, someone that comments on /gonewild posts from commenting on an /teenagers selfie posts will break.
  

Who cares?
Many moderators use 3rd party apps to moderate because the official tools are largely worthless. Contrary to popular belief that we all live in basements, most of us have day jobs and a lot of moderation happens during our lunch breaks or downtime in our real lives. I don't even have a basement. We do this work because we care about the community. The switch forcing moderators to use the official app would probably slow down moderation and force more of the work to happen on desktop. That means your posts and comments will sit in queue unseen longer, it will take longer to get back to modmails, and harmful content or users may remain visible and unbanned for longer.
In discussions with other mods, these changes will probably cripple most NSFW content on the website. It will become far harder to keep Child Sexual Abuse Content and Non-Consensual Intimate Media off the platform with their mod tools and practices crippled by the NSFW change. A lot of work has been put into this including parts of the NSFW community paying enterprise prices for access to private libraries that are meant to detect this kind of media.
Then, on a more basic level, those of you that are using 3rd party apps will have to switch to the official app to browse mobile as they are becoming unaffordable to maintain. In may, we had 139 400 page views, the vast majority of them from mobile users. In April, we had 243 000 page views - yes, a quarter million - the even vaster majority from mobile users. This change will affect many of you.
The Open Letter & The Blackout
The broader moderator community has been discussing this and has released an open letter you can read here https://redd.it/13xh1e7
To protest Reddit's idiotic measures, a lot of subreddits are planning a blackout on June 12-14. As you can see here https://www.reddit.com/ModCoord/ quite a few subs are protesting in this way.
At midnight on June 12 (my midnight, UTC+1), I intend to set digitalpainting to Private, meaning that regular users and subscribers will be met by a "this subreddit is private" message for 48 hours. You will not be able to view, comment or post anything to the subreddit. While this is a bummer for all of us, sometimes you have to take a stand. Reddit is taking a massive shit on its user base and the only way we can protest is by temporarily taking away their ad revenue.
Got questions?
I've got some of the answers - unless it's super IT techno babble stuff, which I don't know much about.

Here's a straightforward question and the strategy I'm trying to understand which I can take. In my mind, I come with the notion that CHANGING the databases is BAD. Also, I had no notion of DocumentDB NOT being accessible from VPC Interface EP or VPC Gateway EP. Regardless, the author chose (B) as the answer. It seems correct but my issue is its changing the database (not MongoDb>DocumentDb which has Mongo capabilities). This is more of refactor than replatform!!
Is this common in SA Pro exams where such drastic shifts can be the correct answer?
A company is migrating its two-tier legacy application (using MongoDB as a key-value database) from its on-premises data center to AWS. The company has mandated that the EC2 instances must be hosted in a private subnet with no internet access. In addition, all connectivity between the EC2 instance-hosted application and the database must be encrypted. The database must be able to scale to meet traffic spikes from any bursty or unpredictable workloads.
Which do you recommend?

• A. Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the instance endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB.
• B. Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use a gateway VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.
• C. Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use an interface VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.
• D. Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the cluster endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB.

I've been sitting on this for a little while now and I've hit the point where any questions I have about it I can't fully answer on my own. To make a long story short for a while I've wanted to simulate random bullet spread in this game to figure out how much of a difference it makes. Doing that in TF2 would be slow and have a ton of errors but if I could figure out how to simulate it externally, that would allow me to create extremely large amounts of data and test a lot of scenarios. The problem is I didn't understand how random bullet spread works, specifically what makes it random.
How does random spread work?
To figure that out first I looked at the code. Searching about this topic always lead me back to the same /truetf2 thread and this comment which links to TF2-Base and has this chunk of code:

 // Get circular gaussian spread. float x, y; x = RandomFloat( -0.5, 0.5 ) + RandomFloat( -0.5, 0.5 ); y = RandomFloat( -0.5, 0.5 ) + RandomFloat( -0.5, 0.5 ); 

This seemed useful because it at least implies they are handling the angles in x and y rather than using some other coordinates but it also raised some questions. If I assumed the function RandomFloat was gaussian, why are two calls being added together? I also wasn't sure if the arguments passed were limits being placed on it or something else. Digging further I got to this file with another relevant code block.

 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // A couple of convenience functions to access the library's global uniform stream //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- VSTDLIB_INTERFACE void RandomSeed( int iSeed ); VSTDLIB_INTERFACE float RandomFloat( float flMinVal = 0.0f, float flMaxVal = 1.0f ); VSTDLIB_INTERFACE float RandomFloatExp( float flMinVal = 0.0f, float flMaxVal = 1.0f, float flExponent = 1.0f ); VSTDLIB_INTERFACE int RandomInt( int iMinVal, int iMaxVal ); VSTDLIB_INTERFACE float RandomGaussianFloat( float flMean = 0.0f, float flStdDev = 1.0f ); 

Those two calls are to the uniform random variable function, not the gaussian function. From a quick google search I did find that this is a way to approximate gaussian distributions but with only two it should like basically like a triangle instead of a smooth gaussian. There are a few reasons I could think of why they did it this way but the important thing is they return values between -1 and 1, which implies the variables scale some other value.
Every tf2 weapon has a ctx file that holds variables about it and the shotgun has four, one for each class and they are basically identical. In each of those there is a variable named Spread with a value of 0.0675. That's far too small to be degrees but for radians it seems about right and implies that the random pellets from a shotgun can take a maximum angle of 0.0675 radians from center in x and y.
All of this would be relatively simple to simulate but I couldn't find hard numbers on the fixed spread pattern and wasn't sure the values even meant what I thought they did. TF2-Base as far as I'm aware isn't the actual code as well, so maybe whatever Valve has internally is different. So I decided to test it.
Experiment setup
I created a map that contained a single room with one wall textured with the solid blue dev texture. The bullet decals were all replaced with a small gradient so they were identical and easier to see compared to the default. On accident I also discovered that setting decals to 9 removes the single perfectly accurate shot, which is lucky because it simplified processing later.
To run the test I selected engineer and bound a single key that would shoot and call impulse 101 to reload. A python script would automatically send a keypress, wait for the recoil to settle, then take a screenshot (which was also cropped to just a small region the bullets could land in). I let this run for a couple hours and generated about 3,800 screenshots. I could have also toyed with the host timescale to speed up this process but I was worried it could possibly have other effects that might invalidate all of this.
Data Processing
Making the wall solid blue made processing the data very simple. At first I intended to make the decal red, but alpha weirdness I don't understand made them black. That meant all I had to do was select the blue channel and then invert the image so that all the decals went to the max value and the wall texture went to zero. This was passed to a function that can find local maxima and it would return the location of each pellet. I had also taken a single screenshot of the fixed spread pattern and another where I used the measure texture. These gave me a perfect center and a conversion to hammer units from pixels. From this data I converted back until I could determine the angles in x and y. Some shots did overlap and were lost but they shouldn't dramatically effect the end result.
An example of the screenshot, with the processed version next to it, and all of the bullet decals automatically is below.
https://i.redd.it/z3r2wcfmt83b1.png
Results
As expected, the maximum magnitude for the angles was about 0.065. Getting exactly 0.0675 would be unexpected because it is the least common value and there is going to be some error. A histogram below shows all of the angles I found:
https://i.redd.it/zwa01nqnu83b1.png
Unexpected Findings
This is where things started to get weird. I had created a scatter plot of each shot and after a while realized it didn't have enough points.
https://i.redd.it/u8utncwpv83b1.png
3,800 shots times 9 (with some losses) should be over 30,000 individual points easily. There should be overlap in the middle where they are closer to max probability but even then the center should be nearly colored in. As it turns out a lot pellets were landing in the same spots. Even stranger is that I was getting exactly repeated shots. The example shot from the first image occurred 23 times. I didn't test for any symmetries so it's possible those also occurred.
I've come up with a few theories on what is going on:

1. TF2 is using a table based random number generator. This is how Doom handled random numbers, at least partially for demo compatibility and it did have effects in game. Some weapons couldn't deal the maximum damage the gamecode implied elsewhere but can in sourceports that change how this work. Of the theories this one is the least likely, but it's not impossible.
   
2. The RNG used is bad. There are a bunch of ways to create bad RNG but unless it was a mistake I can't think of a reason why they would stick with it. A good RNG shouldn't have significantly more performance overhead.
   
3. New seeds are frequently generated from player input. Of the options this seems the most likely because if it is the case I created the worst possible scenario. There is only one player input occurring and since it is automated it should be almost exactly the same. There isn't mouse input that should be a good source for seeding, no real inconsistency in key press time, and there is nothing else that should be calling the RNG to help advance it. The other related possibility is that maybe calling impulse 101 or any of the other tweaks I made are causing an issue.
   
4. I screwed up in some other way I haven't thought of. This one I view as the second most likely explanation.
   

One of my reasons for sharing this now is that I am not sure how to figure out the correct results. I can think of some ways to test out option 3 but they would significantly complicate scripting and possibly require active input which would be tedious. If that is the reason I got weird repeats, the data would be useful in implying that the code is working the way I'm assuming it does.
The other reason for sharing is if it does turn out to be issue 2 or 1, that could imply other effects that I haven't tested. These things are unlikely to be noticed in game, but if we for example knew shotguns with random spread almost always put more pellets to the left of the crosshair that may be significant. Or it's option 4 and I can't find the problem on my own.
Below is a google drive folder that contains basically everything I used and another write up I need to edit. There are a lot of pictures you can view and a zip of them to download. There's also a spreadsheet containing all the shot locations that gives slightly different min and max values, probably due to differences in float precision and tangent calculations compared to how I actually did the analysis.
https://drive.google.com/drive1/folders/1vFadC98NJKTdTYBPiJVP2uDY7OOtt7_5
TLDR
I tested the random bullet spread in TF2. If I'm right random pellets can be a maximum of about 3.9 degrees off from a straight line down the crosshair. There was some weird stuff that could be a mistake that makes this all pointless, but it might be nothing or it might imply this game is even more broken than most of us assumed. If there are any source engine wizards out there I would love to get some feedback on what they think is going on.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/02/magazine/children-climate-change.html
I'm thinking this couple is pretty selfish. And the 'ethicist' poorly-informed, to say the least.
How can anybody know the future enough to know how to 'prepare' for it for one's future offspring? And does this couple really have the RIGHT to bring kids into the world they are at least PARTIALLY aware is going to be a hell ride?
At least they are honest enough to admit it's mainly because they have just an 'oh-so-SPECIAL' love of children that they feel more entitled than Joe and Mary MAGA, who will be non-engineers and therefore presumably less financially capable of successfully raising children.
For those behind a paywall, here's the article:
Today, The New York Times Magazine’s Ethicist columnist answers a reader’s question about personal responsibility and climate change.
Is It Wrong to Bring a Child Into Our Warming World?
I have always loved babies and children. I babysat throughout high school and college, and do so even now as a full-time engineer. My fiancé was drawn to me because of how much he appreciated my talent with and love for children. We have many little nieces, nephews and cousins whom we love but don’t get to see often. We also have always been clear with each other that we would try to have biological children soon after getting married.
That being said, my fiancé and I, who are both Generation Z, care deeply about the planet and painfully watch as scientists predict that the earth will reach 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the 2030s. Is it selfish to have children knowing full well that they will have to deal with a lower quality of life thanks to the climate crisis and its many cascading effects, like increased natural disasters, food shortages, greater societal inequity and unrest?
We realize that a child’s very existence adds to our carbon footprint, but as parents we would do our best to foster an environmentally friendly household and try to teach our children how to navigate life sustainably. My fiancé says that because we are privileged as two working engineers in the United States, we can provide enough financial support to keep our children from feeling the brunt of the damage from climate change. Is it OK to use this privilege? — April
From the Ethicist:
Here are two questions that we often ask about an action. First, what difference would it make? Second, what would happen if everyone did it? Both raise important considerations, but they can point in opposite directions. The first question asks us to assess the specific consequences of an act. The second question asks us (as Kant would say) to “universalize the maxim” — to determine whether the rule guiding your action is one that everyone should follow. (I won’t get into the philosophers’ debates about how these maxims are to be specified.) Suppose someone pockets a ChapStick from Walgreens and asks: What difference does it make? One answer is that if everyone were to shoplift at their pleasure, the retail system would break down.
There’s no such clash in answering those questions when it comes to your having at least one child. The marginal effect of adding a few humans to a planet of about eight billion people is negligible. (A recent paper, by a group of environmental and economic researchers, projects that by the end of the century, the world population could be smaller than it is today — though that’s just one model.) And if everybody stopped having babies, the effect would be not to help humanity but to end it.
I’m not one of those people who will encourage you to imagine you’ll give birth to a child who devises a solution to the climate crisis. (What are the odds?) Still, it’s realistic to think that children who are raised with a sense of responsibility could — in personal and collective ways — be part of the solution, ensuring human survival on a livable planet by promoting adaptation, resilience and mitigation.
Probably the key question to ask is whether you can give your offspring a good prospect of a decent life. The climate crisis figures here not because your children will contribute to it but because they may suffer from it. It sounds as if you’ve already made the judgment that your kids would be all right, supplied with the necessary resources. That is, as you recognize, a privilege in our world. But the right response is not to reduce the number of children who have that privilege but to work — together — toward a situation in which every other child on the planet does, too.
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My name is Laura, and this is my story. It's a tale of fear and the unknown, of love and betrayal, and of the strength of a mother's love. It all started when my husband, Adam, and I decided to start a new life in a beautiful villa by the lake in the small town of Kruklanki. The villa, standing alone amidst the vast expanse of nature, was like an island, symbolising our isolation. The lake, with its calm surface hiding unknown depths, mirrored the unknown we were about to step into.
We were a young couple, full of hope and dreams. Adam, with his easy smile and infectious laughter, was my rock. We dreamt of a peaceful life, of raising our child in the serene surroundings of the villa. We shared a love for the outdoors, often spending our evenings stargazing, our hands intertwined. The villa stood tall amidst a lush emerald forest, its weathered stones blending harmoniously with the vibrant foliage. Sunlight filtered through the dense canopy, casting ethereal patterns on the moss-covered path leading to the entrance. The air was fragrant with the scent of damp earth and wildflowers, inviting us to embark on our new life.
But even as we unpacked our belongings, I couldn't shake off a strange feeling. Adam, usually so attentive, seemed distant, his mind elsewhere. I dismissed it as stress from the move. Little did I know then, it was a sign of the betrayal that was to come. Soon after we settled in, I couldn't shake off a sense of foreboding. The villa, once a symbol of our dreams, was starting to feel like a prison, its grandeur overshadowed by a chilling silence. And the lake, once a symbol of peace, now seemed to whisper of hidden dangers beneath its serene surface.
Soon after we settled in, I began to experience strange and terrifying events. At first, they were just subtle nuances: shadows moving along the corridors, whispers in the night, vague movements nearby. I tried to dismiss them as figments of my imagination, but they became increasingly disturbing and intense, filling me with a chronic sense of fear.
Adam, my husband, was sceptical. He believed that these were just products of my imagination, the result of stress from the move and adapting to a new place. Adam, ever the rationalist, tried to reassure me. 'Laura, it's just the stress of the move and the pregnancy,' he would say, his eyes full of concern yet disbelief. 'There's no real danger.' His words, meant to comfort, only served to widen the chasm between us. But I could feel it, something was not right.
One night, I woke up to a chilling whisper. It was so close, as if someone was right next to me. I turned on the bedside lamp, but there was no one there. The room was empty, but the feeling of being watched was overwhelming. My heart pounded in my chest, my palms were sweaty, and I was shaking.
'Adam,' I whispered, nudging him awake. He groaned, turning to face me. 'Did you hear that?'
'Hear what?' he mumbled, his eyes half-closed.
'The whispering. It was right here, right next to me.'
Adam sighed, rubbing his eyes. 'Laura, you're just stressed. It's the new house, the new surroundings. You're imagining things.'
I wanted to believe him, to write it off as a product of stress and fear. But deep down, I knew something was not right.
The next day, I noticed something else. The shadows in the house seemed to move on their own, even when there was no one around. I could hear soft whispers, but when I tried to locate the source, there was nothing. I felt like I was being watched, followed. I tried to tell Adam about it, but he just brushed it off, saying I was just stressed and needed rest.
But I knew something was wrong. I could feel it in my bones. The house was not just a house. It was something else, something sinister. And I was trapped in it, with no one to believe me, no one to help me. I was alone, and I was scared.
The days turned into weeks, and the strange occurrences in the villa didn't cease. If anything, they became more frequent, more intense. I started noticing mysterious figures around the villa, always on the edge of my vision. They were close, yet always just far enough that I couldn't make out their features. Their presence filled me with a sense of paranoia and constant danger. I felt like a prey being watched by predators, waiting for the right moment to strike.
Our neighbours, Mr. and Mrs. Graverson, began to show an unusual interest in me. One afternoon, as I was tending to the garden, Mrs. Graverson approached me.
'Laura, dear,' she said, her voice sweet yet somehow unsettling. 'How are you finding Kruklanki? Is the villa to your liking?'
Her questions seemed innocent, but there was something in her gaze that made me uneasy.
Mrs. Graverson's eyes lingered on my stomach for a moment too long, a strange smile playing on her lips, something I couldn't quite define. Mr. Graverson, with his piercing gaze, and Mrs. Graverson, with her constant, unsettling smile, were always too eager to help. Their behavior was suspicious, their questions too probing. They seemed particularly interested in my pregnancy, their eyes lingering on my growing belly a moment too long. I couldn't shake off the feeling that they were hiding something.
One day, Mrs. Graverson came over with a basket of freshly baked cookies. As she handed them to me, her gaze lingered on my stomach. There was something in her eyes, a strange intensity that made me uncomfortable. I didn't know it then, but it was a hint of the dark intentions that lay beneath her friendly facade. I was pregnant at the time, and her eyes seemed to hold a strange fascination for my unborn child. It was a fleeting moment, but it sent chills down my spine.
As time passed, I began to suspect that the Graversons were part of a cult practising occultism, planning to use my unborn child in a dark ritual. It was a terrifying thought, but the pieces of the puzzle were starting to fit together. The strange occurrences, the mysterious figures, the Graversons' unusual interest in me and my child, it all pointed to something dark and sinister.
I started finding evidence of their involvement in other dangerous activities. I found strange symbols carved into the trees around their house, symbols that I later found out were associated with occult practices. I also noticed that they would often disappear during the night, only to return in the early hours of the morning, looking exhausted and secretive.
I suspected that they were responsible for the strange events and observations. The fear was overwhelming, but I knew I had to protect my child. I was alone in this fight, with no one to turn to. But I was determined. I was a mother, and I would do anything to keep my child safe.
In my desperation, I turned to the local clergyman, Father Christopher. He was a quiet man, always keeping to himself. I had often wondered why he seemed so distant, so detached from the rest of the town. Little did I know, his aloofness was a sign of the secrets he was hiding. I found him in the church, his eyes filled with a quiet serenity.
'Father Christopher,' I began, my voice trembling. 'I need your help. There's something... something wrong in the villa.'
He looked at me, his gaze thoughtful. 'Tell me everything, Laura,' he said, his voice calm and reassuring.
I went to the church, hoping to find some solace, some protection. I wanted to tell him about my experiences, ask for his support and protection. But to my surprise, Father Christopher seemed to be absent and avoided contact with me.
I tried to reach out to him several times, but each time, I was met with silence. His absence was strange, and it made me wonder if he was involved in this intrigue. The thought was terrifying, but I couldn't ignore the possibility. I felt even more disoriented and anxious when I discovered that Father Christopher might be involved in the conspiracy.
I started to suspect that he himself was a member of the cult or was being intimidated by them. This discovery made me feel even more alone and defenceless in the face of the impending threat. I was desperate and isolated, and I had to fend for myself.
I decided to seek information on my own to uncover the truth and find a way to protect myself and my unborn child. I spent countless hours researching, trying to understand what was happening. I read about occult practices, about cults and their rituals. The more I learned, the more terrified I became. But I knew I had to keep going, for the sake of my child.
One night, as I was poring over an old book about local legends and myths, I came across a passage that sent chills down my spine. It spoke of a cult that had once existed in Kruklanki, a cult that practised dark rituals involving unborn children. The description matched the Graversons' behaviour and the strange occurrences in the villa. I knew then that my suspicions were not unfounded.
I decided to confront the Graversons. I knocked on their door, my heart pounding. 'I've noticed you've been acting strangely,' I said, trying to keep my voice steady. They exchanged a glance, their smiles never reaching their eyes. 'We're just concerned for you, dear,' Mrs. Graverson replied, her voice too sweet. But their reassurances did nothing to quell my fears.
I was up against something far more dangerous than I had imagined. But I was not going to give up. I was a mother, and I would do whatever it took to protect my child.
As my due date approached, I realised that time was running out and the threat was becoming greater. I had a recurring dream, a nightmare really, of a clock ticking loudly, its hands moving faster and faster. It was a chilling reminder of the impending danger, a foreshadowing of the race against time that lay ahead. I had to act quickly to save my child and uncover the truth. My maternal instinct and determination had strengthened, giving me the power to fight against the unknown and dark enemy. Despite the exhaustion tugging at my eyelids, I poured over the ancient texts, my fingers tracing the cryptic symbols. I wouldn't rest, not until I had found a way to protect my child, and I made a decision that would change everything.
I decided to find a mysterious book that, according to legend, had the power to protect against dark forces. I began an intensive search, scouring old libraries, archives, and places connected with the history of Kruklanki. I studied ancient writings, mythologies, and ancient rituals, trying to find clues and the key to solving this dark mystery.
During my search, I uncovered a horrifying history of Kruklanki. It turned out that many years ago, similar rituals had taken place in the town, bringing a curse and evil upon its inhabitants. The town's past was steeped in blood and dark secrets. Now, the cult wanted to renew this power and use my unborn child in their dark plans.
I spent countless hours in the town's library, pouring over old books and documents. I found references to a cult that had existed in Kruklanki centuries ago, a cult that had been banished after a terrible event. The details were vague, but it was clear that the cult had been involved in dark rituals and practices.
The more I learned, the more terrified I became. But I also felt a strange sense of determination. I was not just fighting for myself anymore, I was fighting for my child. And I was not going to let anything harm my baby.
I knew that finding the book was a long shot, but it was the only hope I had. I had to believe that it existed, that it could help me. As my due date approached, the Graversons' interest in me seemed to intensify. They would drop by unannounced, their questions becoming more personal, their gazes more intrusive. I had to believe that I could protect my child, that I could find the mysterious book and put an end to this nightmare.
In a dramatic turn of events, I discovered that Adam, my husband, had been bribed by the cultists and intended to give them our unborn child. A cold numbness spread through me as I read the words, each sentence a dagger to my heart. I could barely breathe, the paper trembling in my hands and fueled my motivation to fight even more. At first, I refused to believe it, but the evidence was overwhelmingly strong.
I found a letter hidden in his drawer, a letter from the Graversons. It spoke of a ritual, of a promise of power and wealth, and of our child. I couldn't believe what I was reading. The man I loved, the man who would hold me during those terrifying nights, was planning to betray me and our unborn child. Was it the promise of power and wealth that lured him? Or was he manipulated, ensnared by the Graversons' cunning words? The betrayal cut deep, but I had no time for despair.
I confronted Adam, my heart pounding in my chest. 'Adam,' I said, holding out the letter. 'What is this?'
He looked at the letter, his face paling. 'Laura, I...'
'You were going to give our child to them, weren't you?' I demanded, my voice shaking with anger and betrayal. He fell silent, his silence confirming my worst fears.
The look in his eyes confirmed my worst fears. I felt a wave of despair wash over me, but I knew I had to stay strong for my child.
I had to face Adam and defeat the dark forces that were plaguing Kruklanki. I pushed the boundaries of my courage and strength to protect my child and prevent the cultists from performing their dark ritual. I also had to confront my own fears and doubts that accompanied me.
In the hours leading up to the confrontation, I prepared myself for the battle ahead. Father Christopher had given me a small cross, a symbol of faith and protection. Clutching it tightly, I steeled myself for what was to come. As I entered the church, the cultists turned towards me, surprise flickering in their eyes. I stepped forward, my voice echoing in the silence, 'This ends now.' Adam was among them. Our eyes met, and for a moment, I saw a flicker of the man I once knew. But it was gone as quickly as it came. He stepped forward, trying to dissuade me, but I stood my ground. 'You won't take my child,' I declared, my voice steady despite the fear coursing through me. It was a moment where the power of a mother's love and courage broke through the darkness and triumphed over it.
I stood in the church, my heart pounding in my chest, as I faced the cultists. I could see the surprise in their eyes as I confronted them, as I defied them. With Father Christopher by my side, we fought against the darkness that threatened to consume us.
In the end, love and courage prevailed. I managed to save my child, to protect him from the darkness that had threatened to take him away from me. It was the hardest thing I had ever done, but I would do it again in a heartbeat for my child.
In the aftermath of the confrontation, the town was eerily quiet. The cultists had been defeated, their dark plans thwarted. Adam was nowhere to be found, and I was left to pick up the pieces of my shattered life.
In the days that followed, the weight of the ordeal began to lift, replaced by a newfound strength within me. I made the decision to leave the villa behind, a physical representation of the darkness that had consumed my life. With each step I took away from that place, I felt a sense of liberation and determination.
I found a small house nestled in the heart of Kruklanki, a place where the warmth of the community embraced me. As I settled into my new home, I realised that my journey was not just about protecting my child, but also about finding my own strength. Through the trials I had faced, I had discovered a reservoir of resilience and courage within myself that I never knew existed.
Father Christopher, my steadfast companion, continued to provide guidance and support. We spent countless hours in conversation, sharing our experiences and searching for meaning in the darkness that had enveloped Kruklanki. Through his wisdom and unwavering faith, I learned to embrace my role as a protector and a fighter.
As time went on, I saw the transformation within me. The fear that once gripped my heart had been replaced by a fierce determination to rebuild and find joy in the simple moments. I laughed with neighbours, embraced the beauty of the lake, and reveled in the innocent smiles of my child.
In the midst of the darkness, I found my own light. The journey had not only saved my child but had also saved me. I was no longer the frightened woman who arrived in Kruklanki, but a mother fortified by love and an unyielding spirit. Together, my child and I would create a new story, one filled with hope and the resilience to face any darkness that may come our way.
Despite everything, I found hope. Hope in the kindness of Father Christopher, hope in the strength of my love for my child, hope in the possibility of a new beginning. I had faced the darkness and come out on the other side stronger and more determined.
This is my story, a story of fear and courage, of darkness and light, of despair and hope. It's a story of a mother's love, a love so strong it can conquer even the darkest of evils. And it's a story of Kruklanki, a town that faced its dark past and emerged stronger.