A secret splash cabin
of Janna mains, by Janna mains, for Janna mains
2010.06.19 18:13 thebestreddress of Janna mains, by Janna mains, for Janna mains
A Janna Mains community, from Janna Mains, for Janna Mains!
2023.03.20 22:29 trininee i good surgeon, the bestđ
 | submitted by trininee to unexpectedoffice [link] [comments] |
2023.03.20 22:29 dababyfan20wolferine Edmund Lowry Jr. Near Pure Evil Pages - Reddit
 | Edmund Lowry Jr. is a Minor Antagonist in the 2018 Video Game Red Dead Redemption 2, but the Main Antagonist in the Side Mission strand "American Dreams." submitted by dababyfan20wolferine to NearPureEvilPages [link] [comments] Edmund Lowry Jr. Full Name: Edmund Lowry Jr. Alias: None Status: Deceased Crimes: Murder Torture Mutilation Kidnapping Assault Type of Evil: Deranged Serial Killer What Makes him not Pure Evil? We can tell by the note in his cabin he got from his mom, he does care for her. |
2023.03.20 22:28 Aroddylex New Experience.
(18M) I have a few questions. Sunday I returned back to my college campus from my spring break in my hometown. The most exciting part was I went to a glory hole for the first time. It was a thrilling experience. I sucked three guys off until they nutted and swallowed.
Thereâs a âbook storeâ near my house for adults. I genuinely want to do it again. Iâm not sure if thereâs any such places near my college. I didnât even know these existed! I did feel like a slut after I finished.
Iâve also been chatting with this guy for a couple weeks. He knows about my trip but not that I went to a glory hole. We hang out, go on mini-dates and hookup. But weâre not exclusively dating yet. Is it okay if I keep this a secret?
Has anyone else ever had glory hole experiences? If so, how was it? Should I tell my âbooâ?
submitted by Aroddylex to askgaybros [link] [comments]
Thereâs a âbook storeâ near my house for adults. I genuinely want to do it again. Iâm not sure if thereâs any such places near my college. I didnât even know these existed! I did feel like a slut after I finished.
Iâve also been chatting with this guy for a couple weeks. He knows about my trip but not that I went to a glory hole. We hang out, go on mini-dates and hookup. But weâre not exclusively dating yet. Is it okay if I keep this a secret?
Has anyone else ever had glory hole experiences? If so, how was it? Should I tell my âbooâ?
2023.03.20 22:27 lowrankcluster My "First Game." Totally worth it.
It was a dream of mine to build a gaming PC after College. I was interested in Souls series, and I decided to start with Dark Souls (Remastered). I completed Ornstein and Smough fight last weekend and I am having so much fun.
For most part, I have been completing areas + bosses without walkthroughs and then I watch vidoes on how others did it. Many times I was so happy I discovered all the little secrets. Other times I was so happy to find out that there is a fkin bonfire in lower blighttown. Most funny thing was I (don't know how but) beat Ornstien on my first try, died to mega smough and then 10+ times got my ass whoped by Ornstein.
submitted by lowrankcluster to darksouls [link] [comments]
For most part, I have been completing areas + bosses without walkthroughs and then I watch vidoes on how others did it. Many times I was so happy I discovered all the little secrets. Other times I was so happy to find out that there is a fkin bonfire in lower blighttown. Most funny thing was I (don't know how but) beat Ornstien on my first try, died to mega smough and then 10+ times got my ass whoped by Ornstein.
2023.03.20 22:26 citizenecodrive31 There is hope
This watch is different from all other contemporary watches I know.
It was never to the Moon (just like yours BTW), it was not in Vietnam, I doubt it was ever on Mt. Everest, it is not worn by secret agents or by Steve McQueen or endorsed by some retired test pilot. It is not a copy of some timepiece that was important 30 or 50 or 100 years ago. It is not "tactical". It is not designed by some famous, long dead German architect. It doesnât have "Master" in its name. It doesnât come in fancy dial colors. It doesnât come in a mammoth chest or in a fake Peli case. It is not even a limited edition â there is virtually unlimited supply.
And yet ist is so exceptionally rare â I literally waited 80 agonising years for it, 88 to be exact. Since the expiration of the IWC Mark 12, another classy mens watch and acclaimed design icon of its time that I had been mere six months late for.
88 stupid years for just one simple, elegant mens watch that doesnât look like I got it from my grandfather, from Aliexpress or â worse â today's IWC. A watch that isnât "true to original" but instead: original.
I had an angry little essay ready, explaining how thoroughly fed up I am with bullshit watch culture and with boring, repetitive, ostentatious âluxuryâ crap, but I think you either already know from firsthand experience or you just wouldnât understand.
Should you still need to know anything about this unbelievably cool, 100% bullshit-free, very spherical watch, feel free to ask.
If you rather want to share your own experiences and frustration with bullshit watch culture, be my guest.
But there is hope, for I have donned the Ball Engineer II Magneto S
submitted by citizenecodrive31 to WatchesCirclejerk [link] [comments]
It was never to the Moon (just like yours BTW), it was not in Vietnam, I doubt it was ever on Mt. Everest, it is not worn by secret agents or by Steve McQueen or endorsed by some retired test pilot. It is not a copy of some timepiece that was important 30 or 50 or 100 years ago. It is not "tactical". It is not designed by some famous, long dead German architect. It doesnât have "Master" in its name. It doesnât come in fancy dial colors. It doesnât come in a mammoth chest or in a fake Peli case. It is not even a limited edition â there is virtually unlimited supply.
And yet ist is so exceptionally rare â I literally waited 80 agonising years for it, 88 to be exact. Since the expiration of the IWC Mark 12, another classy mens watch and acclaimed design icon of its time that I had been mere six months late for.
88 stupid years for just one simple, elegant mens watch that doesnât look like I got it from my grandfather, from Aliexpress or â worse â today's IWC. A watch that isnât "true to original" but instead: original.
I had an angry little essay ready, explaining how thoroughly fed up I am with bullshit watch culture and with boring, repetitive, ostentatious âluxuryâ crap, but I think you either already know from firsthand experience or you just wouldnât understand.
Should you still need to know anything about this unbelievably cool, 100% bullshit-free, very spherical watch, feel free to ask.
If you rather want to share your own experiences and frustration with bullshit watch culture, be my guest.
But there is hope, for I have donned the Ball Engineer II Magneto S
2023.03.20 22:24 Editring We've actually gone full no-contact and I have no way of contacting him
So much has happened. Feel free to look through my posts.
But we no longer work together, and being in person was the only way to have contact. Knowing our work relationship was ending, we got him a secret phone that he was going to keep hidden in his truck. And he was going to call me with it when he was driving alone
2 days after his last day at work, she woke up early, grabbed his truck keys, thoroughly searched his truck, and found it. She had been fine-tooth-comb searching every part of their house for the last several weeks and she finally found something
He called to say goodbye for now. His voice was cracking during the call and it sounded like he was crying during several parts. This man is stoic af. I was floored to hear this much emotion. He said that they are going to set a time, like 3 months, and that at the end of the three months of counseling and no contact with me, see if they want to stay together
He said he doesn't think they will work. That this is the closest we have been to being together. Not that I should have to wait. He understands if I've had enough.
Because our old boss wants to start something new and hire oth of us, before all this happened we had planned to tell him about us, so that is not a surprise if we end up together. He said he's still going to tell our old boss. I asked if I could tell our old coworker and my closest friend. And he said sweetly that I could tell whoever I want.
Before we said our goodbye, he told me that he loved me. For the first time. So sad and so lovely at the same time
So. This is it for now. I have no way of knowing how he is doing except through others. This is why I need to talk to my friend. Everyone will assume we are in contact because we were so close. But I need her to tell him if anything happens to me, and vice versa. And I would like to know if he's doing ok. If he got an offer for a new job. Little things.
In the meantime I got promoted into an impossible role at work with little support. So i will bury myself in my job and raising my son for the time being. In some ways the timing is perfect because I really don't have free time right now
I just hope that's not the last time I hear his voice
submitted by Editring to theotherwoman [link] [comments]
But we no longer work together, and being in person was the only way to have contact. Knowing our work relationship was ending, we got him a secret phone that he was going to keep hidden in his truck. And he was going to call me with it when he was driving alone
2 days after his last day at work, she woke up early, grabbed his truck keys, thoroughly searched his truck, and found it. She had been fine-tooth-comb searching every part of their house for the last several weeks and she finally found something
He called to say goodbye for now. His voice was cracking during the call and it sounded like he was crying during several parts. This man is stoic af. I was floored to hear this much emotion. He said that they are going to set a time, like 3 months, and that at the end of the three months of counseling and no contact with me, see if they want to stay together
He said he doesn't think they will work. That this is the closest we have been to being together. Not that I should have to wait. He understands if I've had enough.
Because our old boss wants to start something new and hire oth of us, before all this happened we had planned to tell him about us, so that is not a surprise if we end up together. He said he's still going to tell our old boss. I asked if I could tell our old coworker and my closest friend. And he said sweetly that I could tell whoever I want.
Before we said our goodbye, he told me that he loved me. For the first time. So sad and so lovely at the same time
So. This is it for now. I have no way of knowing how he is doing except through others. This is why I need to talk to my friend. Everyone will assume we are in contact because we were so close. But I need her to tell him if anything happens to me, and vice versa. And I would like to know if he's doing ok. If he got an offer for a new job. Little things.
In the meantime I got promoted into an impossible role at work with little support. So i will bury myself in my job and raising my son for the time being. In some ways the timing is perfect because I really don't have free time right now
I just hope that's not the last time I hear his voice
2023.03.20 22:23 Nor-Cal-Son Starting to think we're the enclave.
So, alot of people speculate that Appalachia eventually succumbs to a mass firestorm as seen in the nuclear winter mode, and that's the fate were all doomed too. I personally don't think that is cannon at all. My first point is NW took place in 2102, it's currently 2103. I think that might have been some simulation of sorts. Secondly, I think we might be the enclave. With the return if the responders suddenly and them being shadow funded by the enclave, I think the true reason we don't hear about Appalachia is that we might be the first citizens of a secret enclave nation. In FO3 the enclave has a massive force, more than could have just came from raven rock alone, not to mention they persist and get reinforcements even after losing both bases. I'm starting to believe that maybe the east coast enclave actually uses west virginia as it's main base, and that were the first citizens of this future new US. Maybe they succeed to win over the hearts of Appalachia under the mask of the responders and in turn found their own "utopia". And sure, the enclave are considered "pure" in fallout 3 but comparatively, somone who grows up in the forest of Appalachia would seem far less irradiated than those from Boston or DC. They might even kill any travelers to the region to prevent their utopia from being found out about. I think this theory would also explain the lack of any faction permanence from this region except from the enclave. What do you guys think?
submitted by Nor-Cal-Son to fo76 [link] [comments]
2023.03.20 22:23 HRJess1986 AITA for asking my girlfriend not to see her ex when her ex still has feelings for her?
My girlfriend has an ex of 6 years. We have been together for 1 year.
Weâve had a really nice relationship to this point. The only thing Iâve not taken much joy in, is her ex continuing to be a part of her life. They call, message and see each other now and then (as far as I know). Theyâve been apart for near on two years. The ex girlfriend has made no secret that she continues to have deep feelings for my girlfriend.
A few days ago my girlfriend messaged me to say she was popping out for a few drinks with her ex girlfriend before meeting me. I canât say Iâm one for promoting close friendships with exes, but accept it can work out that way very well for some people.
However, at being told this, I felt very uncomfortable at the idea.
So far the relationship has been pretty blissful, but when she told me her intention to meet her ex girlfriend. I felt absolutely choked. Whilst i trust her, I feel her meeting up with her is inviting trouble, encouraging false hopes with the ex and ultimately disrespecting me.
I told her that if there were not strong feelings, this wouldnât be such an issue for me to deal with (I wouldnât like itâs, but Iâd be a big girl and work at accepting their friendship), but the fact that the ex still wants her back, made me feel that it was inappropriate that she met her atall.
Ultimately, this conversation ended with me throwing a wobbler. Very unlike me actually (normally very fair, respectful and open minded). But the lack of understanding from my partner on how I felt about the meet, ended up in me telling her âitâs the ex or meâ.
Feeling very conflicted on how I handled it. On one hand, be truthful with how I feel, or suck it up and respect my partners choice to continue the friendship.
Am I the asshole?
Is there a line with exes when you have a new partner? I imagine there will be varied opinions on this matter. All welcome.
submitted by HRJess1986 to AmItheAsshole [link] [comments]
Weâve had a really nice relationship to this point. The only thing Iâve not taken much joy in, is her ex continuing to be a part of her life. They call, message and see each other now and then (as far as I know). Theyâve been apart for near on two years. The ex girlfriend has made no secret that she continues to have deep feelings for my girlfriend.
A few days ago my girlfriend messaged me to say she was popping out for a few drinks with her ex girlfriend before meeting me. I canât say Iâm one for promoting close friendships with exes, but accept it can work out that way very well for some people.
However, at being told this, I felt very uncomfortable at the idea.
So far the relationship has been pretty blissful, but when she told me her intention to meet her ex girlfriend. I felt absolutely choked. Whilst i trust her, I feel her meeting up with her is inviting trouble, encouraging false hopes with the ex and ultimately disrespecting me.
I told her that if there were not strong feelings, this wouldnât be such an issue for me to deal with (I wouldnât like itâs, but Iâd be a big girl and work at accepting their friendship), but the fact that the ex still wants her back, made me feel that it was inappropriate that she met her atall.
Ultimately, this conversation ended with me throwing a wobbler. Very unlike me actually (normally very fair, respectful and open minded). But the lack of understanding from my partner on how I felt about the meet, ended up in me telling her âitâs the ex or meâ.
Feeling very conflicted on how I handled it. On one hand, be truthful with how I feel, or suck it up and respect my partners choice to continue the friendship.
Am I the asshole?
Is there a line with exes when you have a new partner? I imagine there will be varied opinions on this matter. All welcome.
2023.03.20 22:23 Mountain_Net6603 David Schwartz - "The Magic of Thinking Big"â@motivational_book_club
Are you looking for ways to achieve your goals and take your life to the next level? Then you need to check out "The Magic of Thinking Big" by David Schwartz.
In this book, Schwartz reveals the secrets to success and shows you how to unleash the power of your mind to achieve your goals. Whether you want to advance your career, start a new business, or improve your relationships, the principles in this book can help you get there.
And now, you can learn even more about "The Magic of Thinking Big" by listening to the official podcast. Join David Schwartz and other experts as they explore the key ideas and strategies from the book, and share their own insights and experiences.
Don't wait any longer to start living the life you deserve. Listen to the "The Magic of Thinking Big" podcast today and take the first step towards a brighter future.
submitted by Mountain_Net6603 to BookRecommendations [link] [comments]
In this book, Schwartz reveals the secrets to success and shows you how to unleash the power of your mind to achieve your goals. Whether you want to advance your career, start a new business, or improve your relationships, the principles in this book can help you get there.
And now, you can learn even more about "The Magic of Thinking Big" by listening to the official podcast. Join David Schwartz and other experts as they explore the key ideas and strategies from the book, and share their own insights and experiences.
Don't wait any longer to start living the life you deserve. Listen to the "The Magic of Thinking Big" podcast today and take the first step towards a brighter future.
2023.03.20 22:22 NotISaidTheCat9 No shower available on overnight train... tips to wash up?
I'm taking a night train to Venice (Venezia San Lucia) and accidentally booked a cabin without a shower or even a private washbasin. The train will be arriving at 5:30 a.m. and check in at the hostel isn't until later in the morning- not to mention it's not close to the train station and will likely require paying for a ferry to get to it and back.
So my question to you all is: are there showers for hire in or around the Venezia San Lucia train station? Even a sponge bath would be better than nothing, but I'm not sure if there's anywhere with a private sink that I can strip down and wash up in at the station.
Any other ideas to solve my problem are appreciated! I'm not thrilled with the idea of baby wipes and dry shampoo...
submitted by NotISaidTheCat9 to TravelHacks [link] [comments]
So my question to you all is: are there showers for hire in or around the Venezia San Lucia train station? Even a sponge bath would be better than nothing, but I'm not sure if there's anywhere with a private sink that I can strip down and wash up in at the station.
Any other ideas to solve my problem are appreciated! I'm not thrilled with the idea of baby wipes and dry shampoo...
2023.03.20 22:22 HylianLibrarian This week in SUPER Comics Discussion [Mar 13, 2023] - Are you glad James Gunn will be directing Superman: Legacy?
Welcome to The (Not So) Daily Planet!
Comment below with a discussion on the releases this week or the question of the week. Try to reply to others instead of starting new threads on the same topic. Keep the conversations civil and have fun!
Announcement: Keeping /Superman open and welcoming for all
Question of the Week
Are you glad James Gunn will be directing Superman: Legacy?
(Join our Discord to discuss further!)
Feel free to suggest future weekly questions!
DCeased: War of the Undead Gods #7
Superman #2
Time/Date: March 21 8:00 PM ET
Network/Channel: The CW
submitted by HylianLibrarian to superman [link] [comments]
Comment below with a discussion on the releases this week or the question of the week. Try to reply to others instead of starting new threads on the same topic. Keep the conversations civil and have fun!
Announcement: Keeping /Superman open and welcoming for all
Question of the Week
Are you glad James Gunn will be directing Superman: Legacy?
(Join our Discord to discuss further!)
Feel free to suggest future weekly questions!
Comic Singles
Batman / Superman: World's Finest #13ELEMENTARY, CHAPTER ONE: THE FACTS OF THE CASEPreview
WHERE IN THE WORLD IS METAMORPHO? In the pages of World's Finest, Batman, Robin, and Superman have traversed some of the DCU's most iconic locations and teamed up with the likes of the Teen Titans, Doom Patrol, and Supergirl, but none of that will prepare them as they must go across the globe in search of Rex Mason, a.k.a. Metamorpho, the Element Man! The Worldâs Finest Strangest Adventure begins here!
DCeased: War of the Undead Gods #7
Some of the most powerful entities in existence are now slaves to the Anti-Life. Undead Darkseidâs forces have spread the virus across whole galaxies. Even Kryptonians and the Flashes may be too slow in the race to cure worlds before everything is overwhelmed. The final stand for the universe begins.Preview
Superman #2
CHAPTER TWO: THE NIGHT OF THE PARASITEPreview
Superman is overwhelmed as Parasiteâs new powers are unleashed! Can Superman stop all of Metropolis from being consumed by the power-hungry Parasite or will he need Lex Luthorâs help to save the day? Introducing a new antiheroâMarilyn Moonlight, the Spirit of Metropolisâwho only operates at night! Is she friend or foe to the Man of Steel?! And how does she connect to Metropolisâs secret past?
Trades
Multiversity: Teen Justice [TP]Kid Quickâthe Future State Flashâand their fellow heroes Supergirl, Robin, Aquagirl, Klarienne the Witch Girl, and Troy take center stage in a miniseries that rocks Earth-11 to its core! What is Sister Bloodâs true mission among the lost souls of New York City? Can Teen Justice get through their growing pains fast enough to learn the answer in time to stop it? And what role will the mysterious Ravenâthe brooding hero who has refused to join the team in the pastâplay in the ultimate battle? The secrets of Earth-11âs newest heroes and villains unfold in DCâs most exciting new team title!Power Girl: Power Trip [TP] 2023 Edition
Collects Multiversity: Teen Justice #1-6, along with Teen Justiceâs first appearance from DCâs Very Merry Multiverse and a story from DC Pride 2022!
Every Power Girl story illustrated by Amanda Conner is collected in one volume that includes JSA CLASSIFIED #1-4 and POWER GIRL #1-12! Don't miss these stories featuring the Psycho-Pirate, Ultra-Humanite, Vartox and some very sexy alien marauders!
Digital Releases
Monday, 3/20 (WEBTOON) - Red Hood: Outlaws #34The Outlaws try to go legit -- and fail spectacularly. The Justice League has issued a challenge to DCâs Dark Trinity, forcing Red Hood, Artemis of Bana-Mighdall, and Bizarro to try and replace their goody-two-shoe counterparts as the heroes the world neither deserves nor needs. In this original series, the Outlaws will battle some of DCâs biggest Super-Villains and Super Heroes -- but their biggest battles are among themselves. Can this team last? And can they find their own identities separate from Batman, Wonder Woman, and Superman?
TV
Tuesday, 3/21: Superman & Lois S03E02 - Uncontrollable ForcesTime/Date: March 21 8:00 PM ET
Network/Channel: The CW
Clark and Chrissy both notice a small crack in Lois' game face. Meanwhile, Sarah and Jordan have an awkward encounter. Lastly, Lana receives a panicked phone call.
2023.03.20 22:22 LIS1050010 Preparing for 5 Extreme Weather Events: 15 Need-to-Know Tips
Extreme weather is no joking matter. While you may be used to some natural disasters in your hometown, others could still pose a threat you havenât yet encountered.
Consider these life-saving tips when youâre preparing to survive the next natural disaster that rolls through.
If you can hide out in a parking deck or a hallway, youâll be better off than staying where you were. If you absolutely canât get somewhere lower, remember to cover your head and protect your body with something sturdy to prevent damage to your person.
Folks with special needs, such as those who have mobility aids or even pets, may need plans tailored to them. They may not be able to evacuate or get to the same level as everyone else, and you should create individualized plans for them. Having a plan of their own will help them feel less anxious during an emergency.
Itâs unlikely youâll need anything after preparing for the flood, but if the water levels are still low and you think you can safely drive in it, you may still be able to make a final trip to the store.
If you donât feel the need to evacuate your home right now, keep your radio tuned to public news stations to see if evacuation orders end up being issued â and have a place in mind to go if that order comes.
Also, properly winterize your car before the blizzard comes by outfitting it with new tires and getting it checked, just in case you need to brave the aftermath of the storm.
Shoveling sidewalks and driveways so you can go somewhere might be an excellent idea, but make sure you do it carefully and wear the proper winter clothing. Also, whenever you choose to leave your house, carry salt or sand to throw on the ground, so you donât slip on ice.
If you have a dog who needs frequent walks, try to limit your time outdoors. It could be worth it to train your dog to use a puppy pad â similar to how a cat uses a litter box â so you can clean up after them without having to expose yourself or your pup to the dangers of a dust storm.
Donât get in your car if itâs exceptionally windy in your area. A storm can change in an instant, so if youâre caught in a dense part of the storm while driving, pull off to the side of the road and wait it out. Itâs better to be safe than sorry.
Though every natural disaster or extreme weather event has its preferred season and location, you still want to prepare and know what to do in any situation. Taking responsibility and having a plan for every type of weather is the best way to show your skills as a survivalist.
Article Source
submitted by LIS1050010 to selfreliance [link] [comments]
Consider these life-saving tips when youâre preparing to survive the next natural disaster that rolls through.
Tornadoes
Tornadoes strike when conditions are windy enough, and they can be devastating. The only way for a tornado to stop is for it to burn itself out. Since there isnât a way to fight a tornado, you should be on your guard and prepare for the upcoming terrible weather in your own way.1. Get to Lower Ground
You should know that the safest place to be during a tornado is on the ground floor of the building you reside in. However, things can get complicated if you donât have a basement or live in an apartment complex.If you can hide out in a parking deck or a hallway, youâll be better off than staying where you were. If you absolutely canât get somewhere lower, remember to cover your head and protect your body with something sturdy to prevent damage to your person.
2. Make a Plan for Everyone
Create an emergency plan for your household. The bigger your home is, the more desperately you need a plan to gather everyone in one place. Even if you havenât experienced a disaster within the last year, you should test your plan annually to ensure everyone knows what to do in the event of a tornado.Folks with special needs, such as those who have mobility aids or even pets, may need plans tailored to them. They may not be able to evacuate or get to the same level as everyone else, and you should create individualized plans for them. Having a plan of their own will help them feel less anxious during an emergency.
3. Keep a Safe Box of Essentials
Youâll want a sturdy box full of essentials to keep safe with you in the event of a tornado. This box should include a first-aid kit, non-perishable foods, and more. Make sure you gather all of your important contacts, such as neighbors or faraway relatives youâll want to check in with, in one place where you can easily access them after the storm passes.
Hurricanes
Hurricanes are dangerous natural disasters that typically strike the coast but can also strike many miles inland. They require extensive preparation, as thereâs much to worry about both during and after a storm. In addition, they can constantly evolve, so hurricanes typically donât stay at the same danger level as the day before.1. Take Shelter Immediately
Hurricanes bring strong winds and rain with them. Plenty of people board up their windows in case the glass shatters. You can expect the hurricane to hit your house hard, so take any precautions you need to. Prepare your home for the storm ahead of time, and youâll be fit to shelter in place or evacuate without worrying about your most important assets.2. Always Evacuate When Needed
Depending on the category of the storm, you may have to leave your home. Keeping your television tuned to the news can help you understand the best time to go or whether you should leave at all. If you plan to leave, remember to take your pets with you. Theyâre an irreplaceable part of your family. Just keep an eye on the weather, and you can decide what steps to take from there.3. Stay Out of the Water
Several diseases or pollutants could contaminate the water left over by hurricanes. You might accidentally swallow something you didnât mean to. The best way to ensure you stay away from the water is to have an emergency flotation device just in case and prepare for the absolute worst before the storm arrives.
Floods
Floods may seem tame compared to other extreme weather conditions, but itâs one of the most difficult to adjust to. When water surrounds you, youâre stuck in place and can do nothing but wait for it to recede. You might get cabin fever, but as long as you prepare to stay inside for a few days, you should feel ready to brave the storm.1. Watch the Water Levels
Just as you would watch the news for any extreme weather in your area, you should watch out your windows and keep an eye on the rising water level. If youâve been through floods before, you should know how much you can handle.Itâs unlikely youâll need anything after preparing for the flood, but if the water levels are still low and you think you can safely drive in it, you may still be able to make a final trip to the store.
2. Get to High Ground
If you can find shelter on higher ground, move as soon as you can. Take your valuables and evacuate your home, particularly if it sits low before the water gets too high. Only time will tell how long itâll take for floodwaters to recede, so plan to be away from your home for a while.If you donât feel the need to evacuate your home right now, keep your radio tuned to public news stations to see if evacuation orders end up being issued â and have a place in mind to go if that order comes.
3. Only Drink Boiled Water
Because a flood can cause water pipe breakage, you should rely on bottled water to hydrate your household during and shortly after a flood. If you must use water from the tap, boil it first to eliminate any contaminants that may have entered. Even if you donât plan to drink the water, make sure itâs boiled before it touches you or any other living thing.
Blizzards
Blizzards are known for the intense snowstorms that sometimes roll through in the winter, taking electricity with them as they fizzle out. Even if the blizzard youâre faced with isnât powerful, you should prepare for the power to go out.Also, properly winterize your car before the blizzard comes by outfitting it with new tires and getting it checked, just in case you need to brave the aftermath of the storm.
1. Gather Candles
In addition to other emergency supplies, youâll need candles. Proper candles and matches can keep you warm if you donât have another option. Candles might not be as powerful as a fireplace, but they can give off enough warmth in a small area to supplement the blankets and clothing layers youâre using. Remember to watch the flames carefully, and donât let children and pets near them.2. Designate One Room to Live In
After a blizzard, you may find that your power is out for days. Before the storm arrives, designate one room in your living space to be the spot where everyone lives for the next few days. Your whole household spending time in one room will draw warmth to that area. This way, you only need to focus on stocking one room full of blankets and candles, and you can seal off the rest of your home.3. Equip Yourself Properly
You likely wonât leave your house during a blizzard, but after the storm settles and it leaves snow behind, thatâs another story.Shoveling sidewalks and driveways so you can go somewhere might be an excellent idea, but make sure you do it carefully and wear the proper winter clothing. Also, whenever you choose to leave your house, carry salt or sand to throw on the ground, so you donât slip on ice.
Dust Storms
The southwestern United States already knows of the dangers of dust storms, but they can happen anywhere in the country, so itâs worth it to be prepared. The remnants of thunderstorms or small tornadoes can create dust storms, especially in dry areas. When soil and dirt get scooped into the air and thrown around, your best bet is to stay indoors and preserve your health.1. Stay Indoors
The most crucial piece of advice youâll receive when facing a dust storm is to stay inside. Inhaling dust can be detrimental to your health, especially in large quantities. Before the dust storm arrives, prepare everything you need to be inside.If you have a dog who needs frequent walks, try to limit your time outdoors. It could be worth it to train your dog to use a puppy pad â similar to how a cat uses a litter box â so you can clean up after them without having to expose yourself or your pup to the dangers of a dust storm.
2. Have Facial Coverings Ready
In dust storms, youâll find dust everywhere. You may have to venture outside the protection of your home, so it pays off to have facial coverings ready. Goggles can protect your eyes from the grit flying around, while a face mask can prevent the dust from getting into your nostrils or mouth. This way, you can avoid dust entering your lungs and remain safe. Try to limit trips outside until the dust storm has passed.3. Be Careful When Driving
Dust storms can create sudden issues with visibility. Before the storm approaches, go out to the store and gather everything you need, so you donât get caught in all the dust.Donât get in your car if itâs exceptionally windy in your area. A storm can change in an instant, so if youâre caught in a dense part of the storm while driving, pull off to the side of the road and wait it out. Itâs better to be safe than sorry.
Stay Safe and Prep Your Home
Reaching out to others is one of the best things you can do in a dire situation. You never know when someone else needs help, and they could return the favor and help you when you need it most.Though every natural disaster or extreme weather event has its preferred season and location, you still want to prepare and know what to do in any situation. Taking responsibility and having a plan for every type of weather is the best way to show your skills as a survivalist.
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2023.03.20 22:22 Winterbluebird1775 Dear Amelia
This is a letter to someone who ghosted me and what I wished I would have said. She didn't even know me well, but what can you do. Not everyone is going to click as far as friendships go. I found the way she went about it to be hurtful but I'm glad she is not in my life now. I am writing this to release it for good.
Dear Amelia,
I wish you could have just spoken to me about how you felt. I did not intend to trigger your anxiety. I am not quite sure how I triggered it as we rarely spoke and had extremely short interactions. You do not know me personally and it is fine by me that you do not want to, but you do not know and never knew anything about me. Contrary to your beliefs, I am not a negative person. But I am human and have a range of emotions. All I shared with you is that I had some anxiety, not even in detail. I don't suffer from anxiety too much anymore, not that that is any of your business, but why do you have to make it awkward in the store? You run away as though I have something to say to you. I don't do humiliation and you CHOSE for things to be awkward. You DID that. You ghosted. You avoided a hard conversation. I guess I don't know much about you either. I know you love literature and studied English/creative writing in school. Your favorite character on Grey's Anatomy was George. You thought he was adorkable. Your mom was highly critical and the Valedictorian in 1975. You graduated 5th in your high school class. I know you wanted to be a writer and sort of got lost in life. you suffer from social anxiety. You don't like mainstream music. You are a fan of musicals. You mentioned being agnostic. You had about 5 cats at one point. You hate shallow conversations. Your dad worked at a happy place, and you feel like the black sheep of your family because all of your cousins are scientists. You were so upset when You worked hard and still had a "C" in Biology. You also mentioned you had a past eating disorder, and you have an appreciation for plants. You also wrote a poem that revealed a secret, and I would never judge anyone for that. I supported your writing and encouraged it, but I guess you forgot about that. I bet you can't list even one or two personal things about me. You had nothing positive to say about me and you told people I was desperate to be your friend. Reality is I knew you were lonely and odd and thought I was being nice. I hope you know I will never feel bad for going out into my own community and going into stores and public places so get used to feeling awkward since you live in the same city. I don't do "desperate for friends." LOL. I have always been ok with or without. Thank you.
submitted by Winterbluebird1775 to AvPD [link] [comments]
Dear Amelia,
I wish you could have just spoken to me about how you felt. I did not intend to trigger your anxiety. I am not quite sure how I triggered it as we rarely spoke and had extremely short interactions. You do not know me personally and it is fine by me that you do not want to, but you do not know and never knew anything about me. Contrary to your beliefs, I am not a negative person. But I am human and have a range of emotions. All I shared with you is that I had some anxiety, not even in detail. I don't suffer from anxiety too much anymore, not that that is any of your business, but why do you have to make it awkward in the store? You run away as though I have something to say to you. I don't do humiliation and you CHOSE for things to be awkward. You DID that. You ghosted. You avoided a hard conversation. I guess I don't know much about you either. I know you love literature and studied English/creative writing in school. Your favorite character on Grey's Anatomy was George. You thought he was adorkable. Your mom was highly critical and the Valedictorian in 1975. You graduated 5th in your high school class. I know you wanted to be a writer and sort of got lost in life. you suffer from social anxiety. You don't like mainstream music. You are a fan of musicals. You mentioned being agnostic. You had about 5 cats at one point. You hate shallow conversations. Your dad worked at a happy place, and you feel like the black sheep of your family because all of your cousins are scientists. You were so upset when You worked hard and still had a "C" in Biology. You also mentioned you had a past eating disorder, and you have an appreciation for plants. You also wrote a poem that revealed a secret, and I would never judge anyone for that. I supported your writing and encouraged it, but I guess you forgot about that. I bet you can't list even one or two personal things about me. You had nothing positive to say about me and you told people I was desperate to be your friend. Reality is I knew you were lonely and odd and thought I was being nice. I hope you know I will never feel bad for going out into my own community and going into stores and public places so get used to feeling awkward since you live in the same city. I don't do "desperate for friends." LOL. I have always been ok with or without. Thank you.
2023.03.20 22:21 c0d3rman Jesus Can't Die For Your Sins
If you ask Christians to sum up their faith in one sentence, most will give you some variation on "Jesus died for your sins." This idea is called 'substitutionary atonement' - Jesus atones in our place and acts as our substitute. Everyone has sinned and deserves harsh punishment, but Jesus offers to take that punishment in their place. In this post, I will argue that this is unjust.
The Tale of Jeffrey Lundgren
Warning: not for the faint of heart.
In 1987, self-proclaimed Christian prophet Jeffrey Lundgren started a cult. It soon grew to include about 20 people, including a family of five called the Averys. Lundgren did all sorts of terrible things with his influence: He had his cult members move into his farmhouse and give him all of their money. He forbade members from talking with each other without his presence and convinced them that he could read their minds. He began planning a violent takeover of the local Kirtland Temple, from which he had stolen tens of thousands of dollars, and pressed his followers into preparing to rob the temple and kill its inhabitants.
However, in 1988, Lundgren became unhappy with the Averys. The Avery family were loyal followers - they sold their house and moved states in order to join him, and they believed and trusted in him. But Lundgren felt their faith was weak because they decided not to live in his house and only gave him most of their money while setting aside a small sum for family use. So on April 17 of 1989, Lundgren had his followers dig a pit in his barn, and then lure the Averys there one by one, from oldest to youngest.
First the father, Dennis Avery, who was hit with a stun gun, gagged, and dragged before Lundgren, who shot him twice in the back.
Then the mother, Cheryl Avery, who was gagged and had her eyes duct taped before Lundgren shot her three times.
Next was 15-year-old Trina Avery who Lundgren shot twice in the head.
Then 13-year-old Becky Avery, who was shot twice but did not die instantly and was left to bleed out.
Finally 6-year-old Karen Avery, who Lundgren shot once in the chest and once in the head.
For his crimes, Jeffrey Lundgren was given the death penalty, and after exhausting his appeals he was executed on October 24, 2006.
The Lesson
Jeffrey Lundgren did terrible things, and he received punishment for these things. We call this 'justice'.
Now imagine for a moment Lundgren's trial in an alternate reality where substitutionary atonement is practiced. His lawyer says, "Your Honor, no doubt the death of the Averys is a terrible thing, and justice demands my client pay with his life. But one of my client's followers has stepped forward and said they are willing to die in his place." The judge agrees, and a cultist is executed while Lundgren walks free.
I ask you - is that justice?
No! Justice doesn't demand someone be punished - it demands punishment on the perpetrator! Lundgren's cultists would have no doubt been willing to die in his place, but we would never allow it, because it would be deeply unjust.
However, by the Christian account, we are all sinners. Just as Lundgren has sinned, so have the rest of us - and justice demands we all face punishment. By many accounts of Christianity, we deserve even worse punishment than Lundgren received. Just as it would be unjust for a cultist to be punished in Lundgren's place, it would be unjust for Jesus to be punished in a sinner's place.
Aims of Punishment
Why do we punish people when they do something wrong? There are five generally recognized aims of punishment:
Deterrence
A deterrent punishment aims to prevent similar transgressions in the future by making people fear the consequences of committing them. For example, we fine people who illegally park their cars to dissuade them from doing that. If someone knows that an act will result in punishment, they are less likely to commit that act. Most of our laws act for deterrence; when we ban an act - public urination, copyright infringement, wire fraud - we don't just say it's illegal, we add a punishment to encourage people not to do it.
Deterrence is not transferable. If you punish someone other than the culprit, you don't give the culprit any motivation not to transgress again. Imagine a rich brat who often gets drunk at restaurants and smashes up the place. Each time they do this, their parents deal with the fallout and pay the restaurants for the damage. As a result, the brat has no reason not to keep doing the same thing - the punishment affected the parents, but it failed to deter the actual perpetrator.
Incapacitation
An incapacitative punishment aims not to punish a transgression that has already happened but to prevent one from occurring. For example, if we find someone planning a murder, we lock them up to prevent them from carrying out the murder. This helps prevent transgressions directly by removing the perpetrator's ability to transgress.
Incapacitation is not transferable. Imagine we find someone planning a murder, but we lock someone else up in their place: this does not prevent them from carrying out the murder. Punishing a substitute is entirely useless and does not accomplish the aim of preventing the transgression.
Rehabilitation
A rehabilitative punishment aims to help the perpetrator and remove their reason for transgressing. For example, if someone starts a bar fight, we might mandate they take anger management classes to help them control their anger. If an employee's negligence causes an accident, their company might require them to undergo additional training. Some people consider this not to be punishment at all since it aims to benefit the perpetrator, not to harm them. Regardless, rehabilitation aims to prevent transgression not by making people afraid to transgress but by addressing the reason they would transgress in the first place.
Rehabilitation is not transferable. If a perpetrator commits a transgression, we must help them in particular to help them not do so in the future. If the person who started the bar fight sent someone else to the anger management classes in their place, their anger problems would not be addressed, and they would be likely to transgress again. Rehabilitating a substitute does nothing to accomplish the aim of rehabilitation.
Retribution
A retributive punishment aims to hurt the perpetrator for no other reason than that they deserve it. For example, if someone hurts your friend, you might feel that they deserve to be hurt back and secretly slash their tires. In this case the punishment does not act as a deterrent (since neither they nor anyone else knows what caused it). It also doesn't act to incapacitate them - they are fully capable of hurting your friend again - and does not act to rehabilitate them - as it does not address the reason they hurt your friend. The aim of the punishment is pure vengeance; when someone does something bad, we want bad things to happen to them.
Retribution is not transferable. If we punish someone other than the perpetrator, then we don't inflict harm on the perpetrator. For example, as we saw in Lundgren's case, punishing a cultist did not serve justice and Lundgren did not get what he deserved.
Restitution
A restitutive punishment aims to undo harm to the victim or offset it by compensating them with something else. For example, if a thief steals some money from a victim, we make them give it back. Restitutive punishments aim to return the state of affairs to what it would have been had the transgression not happened.
Restitutive punishments are the only kind of punishment which is transferable. Restitution has everything to do with the victim and nothing to do with the perpetrator; so long as the victim is restored, it doesn't matter who's doing the restoring. For example, if a child breaks a school's window, their parents can pay the school for the broken window on their behalf. The school doesn't demand the money come from the child in particular because they simply want to be compensated for what was lost, not to punish the child (and will likely institute another form of punishment to accomplish the other aims, such as detention or suspension, which they wouldn't allow the parents to take in the child's place).
Substitutionary Atonement & Jesus
As we have seen, substitutionary atonement is impermissible in most cases. It's only permissible in punishments levied entirely for restitution. That's why our society widely practices substitutionary atonement for restitution - we call it 'insurance'. Insurance companies are punished on our behalf when we crash our cars, and they pay restitution to the victims of the crash in our place. The victims don't care whether the money comes from us or from our insurance company; they just want to be compensated. Notably, we don't have insurance for any other kinds of punishments - you can't pay someone to go to jail on your behalf or take remedial driving classes on your behalf, because non-restitution punishments are not transferable.
So what transgression did we commit, and what kind of punishment is Jesus taking in our place? Depending on which Christian you ask, you'll get wildly different answers to this question, but the vast majority of answers boil down to retribution - we did something wrong, or inherited some sin from someone else who did something wrong, and we deserve to be punished for it. However, no answers aim for restitution. Remember that restitution involves restoring the harmed victim and reversing their harm. The punishments of the afterlife - be they eternal conscious torment, oblivion, separation from God, or something else - certainly don't restore the actual victims of our acts. The old lady you cut in line or the man you bore false witness against don't gain anything from you going to hell, except perhaps the satisfaction that you were punished (which falls under retribution, not restitution). Your punishment does not restore anything that was taken away from them or undo any harm done to them. Therefore, in all Christian conceptions, the aims of the punishment we face are non-transferable. Jesus can't die for your sins because justice would not be served.
Objections
So what, you'd rather go to hell?
Yes! If I have truly done something so horrible and vile that justice demands I suffer hell for it, then I ought to go to hell. It would be wrong for me to avoid the punishment I deserve just because someone in charge agreed to look the other way.
The victim of your sins isn't the actual person you hurt - it's God, and Jesus pays restitution to God in your place.
This view maintains that you harm God when you sin, and that your punishment aims not to affect you in any way but only to restore him. But God cannot be harmed - in almost all versions of Christianity, God is perfect and unchanging. You can't steal fifty bucks from God and then be forced to give them back.
Even if your acts displease God, they do not take something away from God - and a punishment of hell or oblivion doesn't give anything back to God. Remember that restitution is entirely about the victim and has nothing to do with the perpetrator; in Christianity, punishment for sins definitely has something to do with the perpetrator.
Many people think that sins are not just crimes against your fellow man, but an offense against God. If you think that sins are deserving of punishment because they are an offense against God, then that falls under retribution, not restitution - this view aims to punish people for offenses they committed against a victim, not to restore that victim.
Your argument doesn't address this particular theology or theologian!
This is true - given the extreme diversity of theological views in Christianity, it would be impossible for me to address them all here. However, the vast majority of Christians believe in a commonsense view of substitutionary atonement and don't base their understanding on any complex theology. As a result, I offer a commonsense analysis to rebut their beliefs. People often get upset that I 'misrepresented the Christian view,' forgetting that their view is not the Christian view, but one of many Christian views.
Jesus's sacrifice wasn't about punishment, it about grace/love/mercy/conquering death/something else.
If you have a different idea about the purpose of Jesus's sacrifice, that's fine. There are many alternative models that explain why Jesus died on the cross, such as moral influence theory and the Christus Victor view, and they are outside the scope of this post. I am specifically rebutting here the idea that Jesus died in our place. If you agree that Jesus did not die to take on some punishment in our place, then my argument has succeeded in what it set out to do.
submitted by c0d3rman to DebateAChristian [link] [comments]
The Tale of Jeffrey Lundgren
Warning: not for the faint of heart.
In 1987, self-proclaimed Christian prophet Jeffrey Lundgren started a cult. It soon grew to include about 20 people, including a family of five called the Averys. Lundgren did all sorts of terrible things with his influence: He had his cult members move into his farmhouse and give him all of their money. He forbade members from talking with each other without his presence and convinced them that he could read their minds. He began planning a violent takeover of the local Kirtland Temple, from which he had stolen tens of thousands of dollars, and pressed his followers into preparing to rob the temple and kill its inhabitants.
However, in 1988, Lundgren became unhappy with the Averys. The Avery family were loyal followers - they sold their house and moved states in order to join him, and they believed and trusted in him. But Lundgren felt their faith was weak because they decided not to live in his house and only gave him most of their money while setting aside a small sum for family use. So on April 17 of 1989, Lundgren had his followers dig a pit in his barn, and then lure the Averys there one by one, from oldest to youngest.
First the father, Dennis Avery, who was hit with a stun gun, gagged, and dragged before Lundgren, who shot him twice in the back.
Then the mother, Cheryl Avery, who was gagged and had her eyes duct taped before Lundgren shot her three times.
Next was 15-year-old Trina Avery who Lundgren shot twice in the head.
Then 13-year-old Becky Avery, who was shot twice but did not die instantly and was left to bleed out.
Finally 6-year-old Karen Avery, who Lundgren shot once in the chest and once in the head.
For his crimes, Jeffrey Lundgren was given the death penalty, and after exhausting his appeals he was executed on October 24, 2006.
The Lesson
Jeffrey Lundgren did terrible things, and he received punishment for these things. We call this 'justice'.
Now imagine for a moment Lundgren's trial in an alternate reality where substitutionary atonement is practiced. His lawyer says, "Your Honor, no doubt the death of the Averys is a terrible thing, and justice demands my client pay with his life. But one of my client's followers has stepped forward and said they are willing to die in his place." The judge agrees, and a cultist is executed while Lundgren walks free.
I ask you - is that justice?
No! Justice doesn't demand someone be punished - it demands punishment on the perpetrator! Lundgren's cultists would have no doubt been willing to die in his place, but we would never allow it, because it would be deeply unjust.
However, by the Christian account, we are all sinners. Just as Lundgren has sinned, so have the rest of us - and justice demands we all face punishment. By many accounts of Christianity, we deserve even worse punishment than Lundgren received. Just as it would be unjust for a cultist to be punished in Lundgren's place, it would be unjust for Jesus to be punished in a sinner's place.
Aims of Punishment
Why do we punish people when they do something wrong? There are five generally recognized aims of punishment:
- Deterrence: providing motivation for the perpetrator and others not to commit similar acts in the future (e.g. charging a fine for illegal parking).
- Incapacitation: preventing future transgressions by removing the perpetrator's ability to commit them (e.g. locking up a person planning a murder).
- Rehabilitation: giving aid to the perpetrator to resolve the cause of their transgression (e.g. mandating anger management classes for someone who started a bar fight).
- Retribution: taking pure vengeance on the perpetrator (e.g. secretly slashing the tires of someone who hurt your friend).
- Restitution: compensating the victim in order to partially or completely reverse the harm (e.g. making a thief give back what they stole).
Deterrence
A deterrent punishment aims to prevent similar transgressions in the future by making people fear the consequences of committing them. For example, we fine people who illegally park their cars to dissuade them from doing that. If someone knows that an act will result in punishment, they are less likely to commit that act. Most of our laws act for deterrence; when we ban an act - public urination, copyright infringement, wire fraud - we don't just say it's illegal, we add a punishment to encourage people not to do it.
Deterrence is not transferable. If you punish someone other than the culprit, you don't give the culprit any motivation not to transgress again. Imagine a rich brat who often gets drunk at restaurants and smashes up the place. Each time they do this, their parents deal with the fallout and pay the restaurants for the damage. As a result, the brat has no reason not to keep doing the same thing - the punishment affected the parents, but it failed to deter the actual perpetrator.
Incapacitation
An incapacitative punishment aims not to punish a transgression that has already happened but to prevent one from occurring. For example, if we find someone planning a murder, we lock them up to prevent them from carrying out the murder. This helps prevent transgressions directly by removing the perpetrator's ability to transgress.
Incapacitation is not transferable. Imagine we find someone planning a murder, but we lock someone else up in their place: this does not prevent them from carrying out the murder. Punishing a substitute is entirely useless and does not accomplish the aim of preventing the transgression.
Rehabilitation
A rehabilitative punishment aims to help the perpetrator and remove their reason for transgressing. For example, if someone starts a bar fight, we might mandate they take anger management classes to help them control their anger. If an employee's negligence causes an accident, their company might require them to undergo additional training. Some people consider this not to be punishment at all since it aims to benefit the perpetrator, not to harm them. Regardless, rehabilitation aims to prevent transgression not by making people afraid to transgress but by addressing the reason they would transgress in the first place.
Rehabilitation is not transferable. If a perpetrator commits a transgression, we must help them in particular to help them not do so in the future. If the person who started the bar fight sent someone else to the anger management classes in their place, their anger problems would not be addressed, and they would be likely to transgress again. Rehabilitating a substitute does nothing to accomplish the aim of rehabilitation.
Retribution
A retributive punishment aims to hurt the perpetrator for no other reason than that they deserve it. For example, if someone hurts your friend, you might feel that they deserve to be hurt back and secretly slash their tires. In this case the punishment does not act as a deterrent (since neither they nor anyone else knows what caused it). It also doesn't act to incapacitate them - they are fully capable of hurting your friend again - and does not act to rehabilitate them - as it does not address the reason they hurt your friend. The aim of the punishment is pure vengeance; when someone does something bad, we want bad things to happen to them.
Retribution is not transferable. If we punish someone other than the perpetrator, then we don't inflict harm on the perpetrator. For example, as we saw in Lundgren's case, punishing a cultist did not serve justice and Lundgren did not get what he deserved.
Restitution
A restitutive punishment aims to undo harm to the victim or offset it by compensating them with something else. For example, if a thief steals some money from a victim, we make them give it back. Restitutive punishments aim to return the state of affairs to what it would have been had the transgression not happened.
Restitutive punishments are the only kind of punishment which is transferable. Restitution has everything to do with the victim and nothing to do with the perpetrator; so long as the victim is restored, it doesn't matter who's doing the restoring. For example, if a child breaks a school's window, their parents can pay the school for the broken window on their behalf. The school doesn't demand the money come from the child in particular because they simply want to be compensated for what was lost, not to punish the child (and will likely institute another form of punishment to accomplish the other aims, such as detention or suspension, which they wouldn't allow the parents to take in the child's place).
Substitutionary Atonement & Jesus
As we have seen, substitutionary atonement is impermissible in most cases. It's only permissible in punishments levied entirely for restitution. That's why our society widely practices substitutionary atonement for restitution - we call it 'insurance'. Insurance companies are punished on our behalf when we crash our cars, and they pay restitution to the victims of the crash in our place. The victims don't care whether the money comes from us or from our insurance company; they just want to be compensated. Notably, we don't have insurance for any other kinds of punishments - you can't pay someone to go to jail on your behalf or take remedial driving classes on your behalf, because non-restitution punishments are not transferable.
So what transgression did we commit, and what kind of punishment is Jesus taking in our place? Depending on which Christian you ask, you'll get wildly different answers to this question, but the vast majority of answers boil down to retribution - we did something wrong, or inherited some sin from someone else who did something wrong, and we deserve to be punished for it. However, no answers aim for restitution. Remember that restitution involves restoring the harmed victim and reversing their harm. The punishments of the afterlife - be they eternal conscious torment, oblivion, separation from God, or something else - certainly don't restore the actual victims of our acts. The old lady you cut in line or the man you bore false witness against don't gain anything from you going to hell, except perhaps the satisfaction that you were punished (which falls under retribution, not restitution). Your punishment does not restore anything that was taken away from them or undo any harm done to them. Therefore, in all Christian conceptions, the aims of the punishment we face are non-transferable. Jesus can't die for your sins because justice would not be served.
Objections
So what, you'd rather go to hell?
Yes! If I have truly done something so horrible and vile that justice demands I suffer hell for it, then I ought to go to hell. It would be wrong for me to avoid the punishment I deserve just because someone in charge agreed to look the other way.
The victim of your sins isn't the actual person you hurt - it's God, and Jesus pays restitution to God in your place.
This view maintains that you harm God when you sin, and that your punishment aims not to affect you in any way but only to restore him. But God cannot be harmed - in almost all versions of Christianity, God is perfect and unchanging. You can't steal fifty bucks from God and then be forced to give them back.
Even if your acts displease God, they do not take something away from God - and a punishment of hell or oblivion doesn't give anything back to God. Remember that restitution is entirely about the victim and has nothing to do with the perpetrator; in Christianity, punishment for sins definitely has something to do with the perpetrator.
Many people think that sins are not just crimes against your fellow man, but an offense against God. If you think that sins are deserving of punishment because they are an offense against God, then that falls under retribution, not restitution - this view aims to punish people for offenses they committed against a victim, not to restore that victim.
Your argument doesn't address this particular theology or theologian!
This is true - given the extreme diversity of theological views in Christianity, it would be impossible for me to address them all here. However, the vast majority of Christians believe in a commonsense view of substitutionary atonement and don't base their understanding on any complex theology. As a result, I offer a commonsense analysis to rebut their beliefs. People often get upset that I 'misrepresented the Christian view,' forgetting that their view is not the Christian view, but one of many Christian views.
Jesus's sacrifice wasn't about punishment, it about grace/love/mercy/conquering death/something else.
If you have a different idea about the purpose of Jesus's sacrifice, that's fine. There are many alternative models that explain why Jesus died on the cross, such as moral influence theory and the Christus Victor view, and they are outside the scope of this post. I am specifically rebutting here the idea that Jesus died in our place. If you agree that Jesus did not die to take on some punishment in our place, then my argument has succeeded in what it set out to do.
2023.03.20 22:21 Tight-Page-5192 How do you tell if your spouse is cheating on Facebook?// How do you know if your husband is cheating on Facebook? // Do people use Facebook to cheat? // What is considered Facebook cheating?
[[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) --------------- Are you worried that your significant other is spending a lot more time than usual on Facebook? Do you think that he is being secretive about the conversations he is having online? Perhaps youâre wondering whether you should be worried about this behavior? Concerned that your partner might be using Facebook to cheat on you? Worried they are having secret conversations with a lover on Messenger? Thanks to this guide that I put together, you can catch cheating on Facebook. Learn to spot the signals of infidelity and about the best app that you can use to find out all you need to know about those cheating on you.
Facebook messenger is a mobile application that supports effective conversation with other people, including chats, conversations, video calls and much more. Getting connected with people around you makes your life more fun and interesting. Facebook messenger has certainly helped millions of people around the world, to stay connected and always feel happy. The application is also found to be compatible with Windows, Android and iOS devices. Apart from compatibility, they also provide you with interesting features like audio or video calls, share media files or document files, fast, easy chatting and much more. It is because of these interesting features, that more people choose to use Facebook messenger whenever they want to have an easy conversation with their friends.
When someone makes a text to you on Facebook, you will be notified via this app, if you are using it. You can even check out your Facebook messages, without actually logging in to Facebook. Many people are already addicted to this app since this app has helped them to stay instantly connected to their dear or near ones. Now what people are really interested to know about is, how well you can use Facebook messenger to spy on the Facebook activities of anybody. And that is exactly what we will be talking about more, here.
How Facebook Messenger Spy Expose A Cheater?
Facebook Messenger is so concerned about the safety of all account holders, and hence track all messages exchanged between the account holder and their friends. If you find anything suspicious about your friend, relative or spouse, then Facebook messenger is the best way to do it. So there is no doubt that Facebook messenger is a super cool instant social messaging application, that lets you text with one another by sending gifs, images, emojis, texts, videos and much more.
When it comes to spying, the Facebook messenger is surely going to be of great use to you. This app is pretty cool, whenever it comes to spying on people because it helps you retain all old conversations unless someone chooses to delete them manually. All messages are stored systematically in chronological order with their respective date and time saved.
How To Spy Facebook Messages & Conversations?
The best way to spy on chats effectively will be to try out using reputed apps that are designed specifically to spy on others Facebook conversations. Such apps will help you to keep an eye on others social media activities, without missing out on anything. For example, GHOST SQUAD is an app, that will let you spy or monitor all the social media activities of other people with ease. Such apps give you all accurate details including keystrokes, which you could use to hack their passwords. It gives you more control over the other personâs Facebook account, takes regular screenshots as evidence against your cheating friend, relative or spouse. Lets you spy on the call log, messages, photos, videos etc.
You can also try Worldâs #1 Phone Monitoring Software To Spy someoneâs Facebook Messeges, and you donât need to be a tech whiz to use this software.
How Does Spy Applications Work Towards Detecting Suspicious Activities?
GHOST SQUAD messenger spy apps are sure to have designed with a set of programs to work efficiently. All these programs work independently and collect all necessary data from various segments like memory, backup, programmed designation and so on. And it is via the internet that the data being collected from mobile phones will be transferred to the website.
How Spy Apps Hack Facebook Messenger?
Most of the reputed and well-known spy apps have features to hack Facebook messenger, site or application. The Facebook messenger actually stores all its data, which includes conversation and shared data on internal storage. The spy apps work by trapping this folder and sending it to the main dashboard of the app. The next thing that they will be working on will be to decrypt collected data and monitor on the targeted personâs Facebook activities. Such spy software has a set of tools to monitor the entire activities of the targeted person. Most common tools that they might include are browser monitor, app monitor, keylogger and so on.
Why to Use Spy App for Facebook Messages?To Track Conversations
This is the best way to know who your child, friend, family member or spouse is talking to, all the time. Parents can constantly monitor what their child is watching and doing online on Facebook, as the number of online sexual predators are fairly raising these days. This also gives parents an idea of whether the child is watching or interested in drugs or drug-related stuff.
To Make Sure You Are Not Cheated
This can also be useful to those people who are married or are in a relationship, to check out with whom all your partner talks and have conversations on a daily basis. So this will give you more confidence and happiness, that you are not being cheated. Facebook messenger will surely help you to detect any suspicious activity of your partner since, Messenger is a private app, and such people are likely to carry out their conversations through it.
How To Spy On The Facebook Messages Of Your Suspicious Spouse?
Facebook gives you access to many personal details of people, and if you are in a confusion as to whether your partner is having some affairs with someone, then Facebook messenger is the best thing, that you can start spying on, cause it is sure to give you some hint to unlock the mystery. If you want to find more, then probably you should start using an app for the same, to get complete details in a short time.
If you feel that they are spending too much time on Facebook, then you should probably start monitoring all their Facebook activities. So the Facebook messenger will help you to reveal the truth behind this, as they will give you a clear idea about all their activities on Facebook.
Spy applications are usually not visible on the targeted personâs device, and it usually runs on background. The person will never come to know that you are monitoring or spying on them. As they are hidden, you will be able to discreetly collect all necessary data from them, without letting them know that you are detecting or spying on them. If you ever suspect that your loved or dear one is no more truthful to you, or is hanged up in another relation, then you can try your hands on such spy apps, cause they help you to monitor all activities in an effective, easy and organized way. So never be worried thinking about how to spy Facebook messenger, as this is quite possible in many ways, out of which a perfect alternative is to try using [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
.
submitted by Tight-Page-5192 to u/Tight-Page-5192 [link] [comments]
- Signs of Cheating on Facebook messenger
- How to Spy Facebook Messages and Conversations?
- Why Use Spy App for Facebook Messages?
- How to Catch a Cheating Spouse on Facebook
- Get Insight Into Facebook Conversations
- Other Ways to Catch Facebook Cheaters
- Create a Fake Account to Trap Your Partner
- Turn Your Phone Into a Mic
- Hack Chrome Passwords
- Use Data Recovery Tools
- Hire a Private Detective
Facebook messenger is a mobile application that supports effective conversation with other people, including chats, conversations, video calls and much more. Getting connected with people around you makes your life more fun and interesting. Facebook messenger has certainly helped millions of people around the world, to stay connected and always feel happy. The application is also found to be compatible with Windows, Android and iOS devices. Apart from compatibility, they also provide you with interesting features like audio or video calls, share media files or document files, fast, easy chatting and much more. It is because of these interesting features, that more people choose to use Facebook messenger whenever they want to have an easy conversation with their friends.
When someone makes a text to you on Facebook, you will be notified via this app, if you are using it. You can even check out your Facebook messages, without actually logging in to Facebook. Many people are already addicted to this app since this app has helped them to stay instantly connected to their dear or near ones. Now what people are really interested to know about is, how well you can use Facebook messenger to spy on the Facebook activities of anybody. And that is exactly what we will be talking about more, here.
How Facebook Messenger Spy Expose A Cheater?
Facebook Messenger is so concerned about the safety of all account holders, and hence track all messages exchanged between the account holder and their friends. If you find anything suspicious about your friend, relative or spouse, then Facebook messenger is the best way to do it. So there is no doubt that Facebook messenger is a super cool instant social messaging application, that lets you text with one another by sending gifs, images, emojis, texts, videos and much more.
When it comes to spying, the Facebook messenger is surely going to be of great use to you. This app is pretty cool, whenever it comes to spying on people because it helps you retain all old conversations unless someone chooses to delete them manually. All messages are stored systematically in chronological order with their respective date and time saved.
How To Spy Facebook Messages & Conversations?
The best way to spy on chats effectively will be to try out using reputed apps that are designed specifically to spy on others Facebook conversations. Such apps will help you to keep an eye on others social media activities, without missing out on anything. For example, GHOST SQUAD is an app, that will let you spy or monitor all the social media activities of other people with ease. Such apps give you all accurate details including keystrokes, which you could use to hack their passwords. It gives you more control over the other personâs Facebook account, takes regular screenshots as evidence against your cheating friend, relative or spouse. Lets you spy on the call log, messages, photos, videos etc.
You can also try Worldâs #1 Phone Monitoring Software To Spy someoneâs Facebook Messeges, and you donât need to be a tech whiz to use this software.
How Does Spy Applications Work Towards Detecting Suspicious Activities?
GHOST SQUAD messenger spy apps are sure to have designed with a set of programs to work efficiently. All these programs work independently and collect all necessary data from various segments like memory, backup, programmed designation and so on. And it is via the internet that the data being collected from mobile phones will be transferred to the website.
How Spy Apps Hack Facebook Messenger?
Most of the reputed and well-known spy apps have features to hack Facebook messenger, site or application. The Facebook messenger actually stores all its data, which includes conversation and shared data on internal storage. The spy apps work by trapping this folder and sending it to the main dashboard of the app. The next thing that they will be working on will be to decrypt collected data and monitor on the targeted personâs Facebook activities. Such spy software has a set of tools to monitor the entire activities of the targeted person. Most common tools that they might include are browser monitor, app monitor, keylogger and so on.
Why to Use Spy App for Facebook Messages?To Track Conversations
This is the best way to know who your child, friend, family member or spouse is talking to, all the time. Parents can constantly monitor what their child is watching and doing online on Facebook, as the number of online sexual predators are fairly raising these days. This also gives parents an idea of whether the child is watching or interested in drugs or drug-related stuff.
To Make Sure You Are Not Cheated
This can also be useful to those people who are married or are in a relationship, to check out with whom all your partner talks and have conversations on a daily basis. So this will give you more confidence and happiness, that you are not being cheated. Facebook messenger will surely help you to detect any suspicious activity of your partner since, Messenger is a private app, and such people are likely to carry out their conversations through it.
How To Spy On The Facebook Messages Of Your Suspicious Spouse?
Facebook gives you access to many personal details of people, and if you are in a confusion as to whether your partner is having some affairs with someone, then Facebook messenger is the best thing, that you can start spying on, cause it is sure to give you some hint to unlock the mystery. If you want to find more, then probably you should start using an app for the same, to get complete details in a short time.
If you feel that they are spending too much time on Facebook, then you should probably start monitoring all their Facebook activities. So the Facebook messenger will help you to reveal the truth behind this, as they will give you a clear idea about all their activities on Facebook.
Spy applications are usually not visible on the targeted personâs device, and it usually runs on background. The person will never come to know that you are monitoring or spying on them. As they are hidden, you will be able to discreetly collect all necessary data from them, without letting them know that you are detecting or spying on them. If you ever suspect that your loved or dear one is no more truthful to you, or is hanged up in another relation, then you can try your hands on such spy apps, cause they help you to monitor all activities in an effective, easy and organized way. So never be worried thinking about how to spy Facebook messenger, as this is quite possible in many ways, out of which a perfect alternative is to try using [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
.
2023.03.20 22:19 myboimelvinmole [USA-CA] [H] CIB and Factory Sealed PS1, PS2, PS3 Games, Some N64 & GBA Games, Skylanders Chase Figures, And A Few Misc. Collectibles [W] PayPal
Shipping is free for orders $75 and higher. Please let me know if you have any questions or want more photos of anything I'm happy to help!
Timestamp
PS1
$80 - Sealed Codename: Tenka
$15 - Sealed NBA Shootout 98 - Damaged, Case Broken
$170 - Sealed R4 Ridge Type Racer
$45 - Sealed Thunder Truck Rally
$45 - Blasto (Excellent Condition) - CIB
$40 - Final Doom - CIB
$60 - Omega Boost - CIB
$35 - Star Wars Jedi Power Battles - CIB w/ Cover Art (Red and Blue Lightsabers Clashing)
$15 - Star Wars Masters of Teras Kasi - CIB
$65 - The Super Dimension Fortress Macross Do You Remember Love - CIB
$60 - Um Jammer Lammy - CIB
PS2 - All In Excellent Condition, Any Defects Noted
$30 - Sealed Airblade
$20 - Sealed Alias
$20 - Sealed The Getaway Black Monday - Stickers on Seal
$75 - Sealed Jak 3 - Black label, Greatest Hits Sticker on Seal (Unique, haven't seen others like it)
$20 - Okami - CIB
$10 - Superman Shadow of Apokolips - CIB
$10 - Tomb Raider The Angel of Darkness - CIB
PS3 - All CIB
$40 - Sealed Enchanted Arms
$8 - Beyond Two Souls Steelbook - sticker on slipcover
$8 - Call of Duty Black Ops
$15 - God of War Collection - stickers on case
$35 - Hyperdimension Neptunia
$30 - Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk 2 - sticker on case
$35 - Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory - sticker on case
$8 - Need for Speed Most Wanted Limited Edition
$5 - Ni no Kuni Wrath of the White Witch
$8 - Prince of Persia
$45 - The Sly Collection - Sticker on Box
N64
$20 - Turok the Dinosaur Hunter - Loose, very clean
$15 - Wave Race, Loose
$5 - WCW vs NWO World Tour - Loose, very minor staining on back label
GBA/GBC - All Labels Very Nice
$10 - Cartoon Network Block Party - w/ Manual
$45 - Kirby and the Amazing Mirror - Loose
$5 - Spongebob Squarepants and the Legend of the Lost Spatula - Loose
$20 - Lot of 5 GBA games: Backyard Sports, Pirates of the Caribbean, Polly Pocket Super Splash Island, Namco Museum, and Spider-Man 2
MISC.
$20 - Sealed Assassin's Creed II Strategy Guide (Piggyback Interactive)
$25 - Darksiders II Death's Door Hardcover Graphic Novel (Rare)
$20 - Metal Gear Solid Sons of Liberty Volume Two Trade Paperback (IDW Comics, Rare - Out of Print), Sun Fading on Spine
$40 - Pokemon The Electric Tale of Pikachu #1-4 (Complete) Viz Comics
$235 - Lot of 150 Pokemon The Movie 2000 Non-Holo Cards (Near full set, missing 11 and 43)
$100 - Sonic R Retail Box (Rare) - Sega PC, No Disc, Small Tear on Box but Otherwise Good Condition
$20 - Street Fighter Legends Sakura Comic Lot - #1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
$5 - Street Fighter II #4B - Udon Comics
$20 - Street Fighter Eternal Challenge Art Book (Capcom)
$15 - Soul Calibur IV Strategy Guide (Not For Resale - Rare)
SKYLANDER FIGURES - NIB unless stated otherwise
$1200 for All Figures
Photos
$165 - Lightning Rod Metallic
$35 - Life Creation Crystal
$275 - Cynder (Clear) - OPEN BOX
$150 - Dinorang Silver - LOOSE
$165 - Stink Bomb - OPEN BOX
$40 - Hot Streak
$65 - Hot Dog
$300 - Bone Bash
$90 - Fright Rider
$160 - Eruptor Silver
$80 per - Blackout (x2)
$80 - Echo
$50 - Light Trap (Variant)
submitted by myboimelvinmole to GameSale [link] [comments]
Timestamp
PS1
$80 - Sealed Codename: Tenka
$15 - Sealed NBA Shootout 98 - Damaged, Case Broken
$170 - Sealed R4 Ridge Type Racer
$45 - Sealed Thunder Truck Rally
$45 - Blasto (Excellent Condition) - CIB
$40 - Final Doom - CIB
$60 - Omega Boost - CIB
$35 - Star Wars Jedi Power Battles - CIB w/ Cover Art (Red and Blue Lightsabers Clashing)
$15 - Star Wars Masters of Teras Kasi - CIB
$65 - The Super Dimension Fortress Macross Do You Remember Love - CIB
$60 - Um Jammer Lammy - CIB
PS2 - All In Excellent Condition, Any Defects Noted
$30 - Sealed Airblade
$20 - Sealed Alias
$20 - Sealed The Getaway Black Monday - Stickers on Seal
$75 - Sealed Jak 3 - Black label, Greatest Hits Sticker on Seal (Unique, haven't seen others like it)
$20 - Okami - CIB
$10 - Superman Shadow of Apokolips - CIB
$10 - Tomb Raider The Angel of Darkness - CIB
PS3 - All CIB
$40 - Sealed Enchanted Arms
$8 - Beyond Two Souls Steelbook - sticker on slipcover
$8 - Call of Duty Black Ops
$15 - God of War Collection - stickers on case
$35 - Hyperdimension Neptunia
$30 - Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk 2 - sticker on case
$35 - Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory - sticker on case
$8 - Need for Speed Most Wanted Limited Edition
$5 - Ni no Kuni Wrath of the White Witch
$8 - Prince of Persia
$45 - The Sly Collection - Sticker on Box
N64
$20 - Turok the Dinosaur Hunter - Loose, very clean
$15 - Wave Race, Loose
$5 - WCW vs NWO World Tour - Loose, very minor staining on back label
GBA/GBC - All Labels Very Nice
$10 - Cartoon Network Block Party - w/ Manual
$45 - Kirby and the Amazing Mirror - Loose
$5 - Spongebob Squarepants and the Legend of the Lost Spatula - Loose
$20 - Lot of 5 GBA games: Backyard Sports, Pirates of the Caribbean, Polly Pocket Super Splash Island, Namco Museum, and Spider-Man 2
MISC.
$20 - Sealed Assassin's Creed II Strategy Guide (Piggyback Interactive)
$25 - Darksiders II Death's Door Hardcover Graphic Novel (Rare)
$20 - Metal Gear Solid Sons of Liberty Volume Two Trade Paperback (IDW Comics, Rare - Out of Print), Sun Fading on Spine
$40 - Pokemon The Electric Tale of Pikachu #1-4 (Complete) Viz Comics
$235 - Lot of 150 Pokemon The Movie 2000 Non-Holo Cards (Near full set, missing 11 and 43)
$100 - Sonic R Retail Box (Rare) - Sega PC, No Disc, Small Tear on Box but Otherwise Good Condition
$20 - Street Fighter Legends Sakura Comic Lot - #1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
$5 - Street Fighter II #4B - Udon Comics
$20 - Street Fighter Eternal Challenge Art Book (Capcom)
$15 - Soul Calibur IV Strategy Guide (Not For Resale - Rare)
SKYLANDER FIGURES - NIB unless stated otherwise
$1200 for All Figures
Photos
$165 - Lightning Rod Metallic
$35 - Life Creation Crystal
$275 - Cynder (Clear) - OPEN BOX
$150 - Dinorang Silver - LOOSE
$165 - Stink Bomb - OPEN BOX
$40 - Hot Streak
$65 - Hot Dog
$300 - Bone Bash
$90 - Fright Rider
$160 - Eruptor Silver
$80 per - Blackout (x2)
$80 - Echo
$50 - Light Trap (Variant)
2023.03.20 22:19 Truemanblack Revealing sex?
How are you guys reveling the sex of your baby? My husband and I are keeping itâs a secret until the baby shower since it would be better for planning with the future babies. But I want to tell my MIL so I stole the idea from TikTok where this lady got a flower and the color would reveal the sex of the baby! Just curious on how everyone else is navigating this (:
submitted by Truemanblack to October2023BumpGroup [link] [comments]
2023.03.20 22:19 Crazy_Film3456 Free Virtual Masterclass with Skincare Expert
Hi everyone. Thereâs going to be a virtual skincare class with the founder of LightWater on 3/29. Iâve personally met her before and sheâs very helpful and comfortable to talk with. Feel free to join! Get personalized skincare advice
submitted by Crazy_Film3456 to cleanbeauty [link] [comments]
2023.03.20 22:18 c0d3rman Jesus Can't Die For Your Sins
If you ask Christians to sum up their faith in one sentence, most will give you some variation on "Jesus died for your sins." This idea is called 'substitutionary atonement' - Jesus atones in our place and acts as our substitute. Everyone has sinned and deserves harsh punishment, but Jesus offers to take that punishment in their place. In this post, I will argue that this is unjust.
The Tale of Jeffrey Lundgren
Warning: not for the faint of heart.
In 1987, self-proclaimed Christian prophet Jeffrey Lundgren started a cult. It soon grew to include about 20 people, including a family of five called the Averys. Lundgren did all sorts of terrible things with his influence: He had his cult members move into his farmhouse and give him all of their money. He forbade members from talking with each other without his presence and convinced them that he could read their minds. He began planning a violent takeover of the local Kirtland Temple, from which he had stolen tens of thousands of dollars, and pressed his followers into preparing to rob the temple and kill its inhabitants.
However, in 1988, Lundgren became unhappy with the Averys. The Avery family were loyal followers - they sold their house and moved states in order to join him, and they believed and trusted in him. But Lundgren felt their faith was weak because they decided not to live in his house and only gave him most of their money while setting aside a small sum for family use. So on April 17 of 1989, Lundgren had his followers dig a pit in his barn, and then lure the Averys there one by one, from oldest to youngest.
First the father, Dennis Avery, who was hit with a stun gun, gagged, and dragged before Lundgren, who shot him twice in the back.
Then the mother, Cheryl Avery, who was gagged and had her eyes duct taped before Lundgren shot her three times.
Next was 15-year-old Trina Avery who Lundgren shot twice in the head.
Then 13-year-old Becky Avery, who was shot twice but did not die instantly and was left to bleed out.
Finally 6-year-old Karen Avery, who Lundgren shot once in the chest and once in the head.
For his crimes, Jeffrey Lundgren was given the death penalty, and after exhausting his appeals he was executed on October 24, 2006.
The Lesson
Jeffrey Lundgren did terrible things, and he received punishment for these things. We call this 'justice'.
Now imagine for a moment Lundgren's trial in an alternate reality where substitutionary atonement is practiced. His lawyer says, "Your Honor, no doubt the death of the Averys is a terrible thing, and justice demands my client pay with his life. But one of my client's followers has stepped forward and said they are willing to die in his place." The judge agrees, and a cultist is executed while Lundgren walks free.
I ask you - is that justice?
No! Justice doesn't demand someone be punished - it demands punishment on the perpetrator! Lundgren's cultists would have no doubt been willing to die in his place, but we would never allow it, because it would be deeply unjust.
However, by the Christian account, we are all sinners. Just as Lundgren has sinned, so have the rest of us - and justice demands we all face punishment. By many accounts of Christianity, we deserve even worse punishment than Lundgren received. Just as it would be unjust for a cultist to be punished in Lundgren's place, it would be unjust for Jesus to be punished in a sinner's place.
Aims of Punishment
Why do we punish people when they do something wrong? There are five generally recognized aims of punishment:
Deterrence
A deterrent punishment aims to prevent similar transgressions in the future by making people fear the consequences of committing them. For example, we fine people who illegally park their cars to dissuade them from doing that. If someone knows that an act will result in punishment, they are less likely to commit that act. Most of our laws act for deterrence; when we ban an act - public urination, copyright infringement, wire fraud - we don't just say it's illegal, we add a punishment to encourage people not to do it.
Deterrence is not transferable. If you punish someone other than the culprit, you don't give the culprit any motivation not to transgress again. Imagine a rich brat who often gets drunk at restaurants and smashes up the place. Each time they do this, their parents deal with the fallout and pay the restaurants for the damage. As a result, the brat has no reason not to keep doing the same thing - the punishment affected the parents, but it failed to deter the actual perpetrator.
Incapacitation
An incapacitative punishment aims not to punish a transgression that has already happened but to prevent one from occurring. For example, if we find someone planning a murder, we lock them up to prevent them from carrying out the murder. This helps prevent transgressions directly by removing the perpetrator's ability to transgress.
Incapacitation is not transferable. Imagine we find someone planning a murder, but we lock someone else up in their place: this does not prevent them from carrying out the murder. Punishing a substitute is entirely useless and does not accomplish the aim of preventing the transgression.
Rehabilitation
A rehabilitative punishment aims to help the perpetrator and remove their reason for transgressing. For example, if someone starts a bar fight, we might mandate they take anger management classes to help them control their anger. If an employee's negligence causes an accident, their company might require them to undergo additional training. Some people consider this not to be punishment at all since it aims to benefit the perpetrator, not to harm them. Regardless, rehabilitation aims to prevent transgression not by making people afraid to transgress but by addressing the reason they would transgress in the first place.
Rehabilitation is not transferable. If a perpetrator commits a transgression, we must help them in particular to help them not do so in the future. If the person who started the bar fight sent someone else to the anger management classes in their place, their anger problems would not be addressed, and they would be likely to transgress again. Rehabilitating a substitute does nothing to accomplish the aim of rehabilitation.
Retribution
A retributive punishment aims to hurt the perpetrator for no other reason than that they deserve it. For example, if someone hurts your friend, you might feel that they deserve to be hurt back and secretly slash their tires. In this case the punishment does not act as a deterrent (since neither they nor anyone else knows what caused it). It also doesn't act to incapacitate them - they are fully capable of hurting your friend again - and does not act to rehabilitate them - as it does not address the reason they hurt your friend. The aim of the punishment is pure vengeance; when someone does something bad, we want bad things to happen to them.
Retribution is not transferable. If we punish someone other than the perpetrator, then we don't inflict harm on the perpetrator. For example, as we saw in Lundgren's case, punishing a cultist did not serve justice and Lundgren did not get what he deserved.
Restitution
A restitutive punishment aims to undo harm to the victim or offset it by compensating them with something else. For example, if a thief steals some money from a victim, we make them give it back. Restitutive punishments aim to return the state of affairs to what it would have been had the transgression not happened.
Restitutive punishments are the only kind of punishment which is transferable. Restitution has everything to do with the victim and nothing to do with the perpetrator; so long as the victim is restored, it doesn't matter who's doing the restoring. For example, if a child breaks a school's window, their parents can pay the school for the broken window on their behalf. The school doesn't demand the money come from the child in particular because they simply want to be compensated for what was lost, not to punish the child (and will likely institute another form of punishment to accomplish the other aims, such as detention or suspension, which they wouldn't allow the parents to take in the child's place).
Substitutionary Atonement & Jesus
As we have seen, substitutionary atonement is impermissible in most cases. It's only permissible in punishments levied entirely for restitution. That's why our society widely practices substitutionary atonement for restitution - we call it 'insurance'. Insurance companies are punished on our behalf when we crash our cars, and they pay restitution to the victims of the crash in our place. The victims don't care whether the money comes from us or from our insurance company; they just want to be compensated. Notably, we don't have insurance for any other kinds of punishments - you can't pay someone to go to jail on your behalf or take remedial driving classes on your behalf, because non-restitution punishments are not transferable.
So what transgression did we commit, and what kind of punishment is Jesus taking in our place? Depending on which Christian you ask, you'll get wildly different answers to this question, but the vast majority of answers boil down to retribution - we did something wrong, or inherited some sin from someone else who did something wrong, and we deserve to be punished for it. However, no answers aim for restitution. Remember that restitution involves restoring the harmed victim and reversing their harm. The punishments of the afterlife - be they eternal conscious torment, oblivion, separation from God, or something else - certainly don't restore the actual victims of our acts. The old lady you cut in line or the man you bore false witness against don't gain anything from you going to hell, except perhaps the satisfaction that you were punished (which falls under retribution, not restitution). Your punishment does not restore anything that was taken away from them or undo any harm done to them. Therefore, in all Christian conceptions, the aims of the punishment we face are non-transferable. Jesus can't die for your sins because justice would not be served.
Objections
So what, you'd rather go to hell?
Yes! If I have truly done something so horrible and vile that justice demands I suffer hell for it, then I ought to go to hell. It would be wrong for me to avoid the punishment I deserve just because someone in charge agreed to look the other way.
The victim of your sins isn't the actual person you hurt - it's God, and Jesus pays restitution to God in your place.
This view maintains that you harm God when you sin, and that your punishment aims not to affect you in any way but only to restore him. But God cannot be harmed - in almost all versions of Christianity, God is perfect and unchanging. You can't steal fifty bucks from God and then be forced to give them back.
Even if your acts displease God, they do not take something away from God - and a punishment of hell or oblivion doesn't give anything back to God. Remember that restitution is entirely about the victim and has nothing to do with the perpetrator; in Christianity, punishment for sins definitely has something to do with the perpetrator.
Many people think that sins are not just crimes against your fellow man, but an offense against God. If you think that sins are deserving of punishment because they are an offense against God, then that falls under retribution, not restitution - this view aims to punish people for offenses they committed against a victim, not to restore that victim.
Your argument doesn't address this particular theology or theologian!
This is true - given the extreme diversity of theological views in Christianity, it would be impossible for me to address them all here. However, the vast majority of Christians believe in a commonsense view of substitutionary atonement and don't base their understanding on any complex theology. As a result, I offer a commonsense analysis to rebut their beliefs. People often get upset that I 'misrepresented the Christian view,' forgetting that their view is not the Christian view, but one of many Christian views.
Jesus's sacrifice wasn't about punishment, it about grace/love/mercy/conquering death/something else.
If you have a different idea about the purpose of Jesus's sacrifice, that's fine. There are many alternative models that explain why Jesus died on the cross, such as moral influence theory and the Christus Victor view, and they are outside the scope of this post. I am specifically rebutting here the idea that Jesus died in our place. If you agree that Jesus did not die to take on some punishment in our place, then my argument has succeeded in what it set out to do.
submitted by c0d3rman to DebateReligion [link] [comments]
The Tale of Jeffrey Lundgren
Warning: not for the faint of heart.
In 1987, self-proclaimed Christian prophet Jeffrey Lundgren started a cult. It soon grew to include about 20 people, including a family of five called the Averys. Lundgren did all sorts of terrible things with his influence: He had his cult members move into his farmhouse and give him all of their money. He forbade members from talking with each other without his presence and convinced them that he could read their minds. He began planning a violent takeover of the local Kirtland Temple, from which he had stolen tens of thousands of dollars, and pressed his followers into preparing to rob the temple and kill its inhabitants.
However, in 1988, Lundgren became unhappy with the Averys. The Avery family were loyal followers - they sold their house and moved states in order to join him, and they believed and trusted in him. But Lundgren felt their faith was weak because they decided not to live in his house and only gave him most of their money while setting aside a small sum for family use. So on April 17 of 1989, Lundgren had his followers dig a pit in his barn, and then lure the Averys there one by one, from oldest to youngest.
First the father, Dennis Avery, who was hit with a stun gun, gagged, and dragged before Lundgren, who shot him twice in the back.
Then the mother, Cheryl Avery, who was gagged and had her eyes duct taped before Lundgren shot her three times.
Next was 15-year-old Trina Avery who Lundgren shot twice in the head.
Then 13-year-old Becky Avery, who was shot twice but did not die instantly and was left to bleed out.
Finally 6-year-old Karen Avery, who Lundgren shot once in the chest and once in the head.
For his crimes, Jeffrey Lundgren was given the death penalty, and after exhausting his appeals he was executed on October 24, 2006.
The Lesson
Jeffrey Lundgren did terrible things, and he received punishment for these things. We call this 'justice'.
Now imagine for a moment Lundgren's trial in an alternate reality where substitutionary atonement is practiced. His lawyer says, "Your Honor, no doubt the death of the Averys is a terrible thing, and justice demands my client pay with his life. But one of my client's followers has stepped forward and said they are willing to die in his place." The judge agrees, and a cultist is executed while Lundgren walks free.
I ask you - is that justice?
No! Justice doesn't demand someone be punished - it demands punishment on the perpetrator! Lundgren's cultists would have no doubt been willing to die in his place, but we would never allow it, because it would be deeply unjust.
However, by the Christian account, we are all sinners. Just as Lundgren has sinned, so have the rest of us - and justice demands we all face punishment. By many accounts of Christianity, we deserve even worse punishment than Lundgren received. Just as it would be unjust for a cultist to be punished in Lundgren's place, it would be unjust for Jesus to be punished in a sinner's place.
Aims of Punishment
Why do we punish people when they do something wrong? There are five generally recognized aims of punishment:
- Deterrence: providing motivation for the perpetrator and others not to commit similar acts in the future (e.g. charging a fine for illegal parking).
- Incapacitation: preventing future transgressions by removing the perpetrator's ability to commit them (e.g. locking up a person planning a murder).
- Rehabilitation: giving aid to the perpetrator to resolve the cause of their transgression (e.g. mandating anger management classes for someone who started a bar fight).
- Retribution: taking pure vengeance on the perpetrator (e.g. secretly slashing the tires of someone who hurt your friend).
- Restitution: compensating the victim in order to partially or completely reverse the harm (e.g. making a thief give back what they stole).
Deterrence
A deterrent punishment aims to prevent similar transgressions in the future by making people fear the consequences of committing them. For example, we fine people who illegally park their cars to dissuade them from doing that. If someone knows that an act will result in punishment, they are less likely to commit that act. Most of our laws act for deterrence; when we ban an act - public urination, copyright infringement, wire fraud - we don't just say it's illegal, we add a punishment to encourage people not to do it.
Deterrence is not transferable. If you punish someone other than the culprit, you don't give the culprit any motivation not to transgress again. Imagine a rich brat who often gets drunk at restaurants and smashes up the place. Each time they do this, their parents deal with the fallout and pay the restaurants for the damage. As a result, the brat has no reason not to keep doing the same thing - the punishment affected the parents, but it failed to deter the actual perpetrator.
Incapacitation
An incapacitative punishment aims not to punish a transgression that has already happened but to prevent one from occurring. For example, if we find someone planning a murder, we lock them up to prevent them from carrying out the murder. This helps prevent transgressions directly by removing the perpetrator's ability to transgress.
Incapacitation is not transferable. Imagine we find someone planning a murder, but we lock someone else up in their place: this does not prevent them from carrying out the murder. Punishing a substitute is entirely useless and does not accomplish the aim of preventing the transgression.
Rehabilitation
A rehabilitative punishment aims to help the perpetrator and remove their reason for transgressing. For example, if someone starts a bar fight, we might mandate they take anger management classes to help them control their anger. If an employee's negligence causes an accident, their company might require them to undergo additional training. Some people consider this not to be punishment at all since it aims to benefit the perpetrator, not to harm them. Regardless, rehabilitation aims to prevent transgression not by making people afraid to transgress but by addressing the reason they would transgress in the first place.
Rehabilitation is not transferable. If a perpetrator commits a transgression, we must help them in particular to help them not do so in the future. If the person who started the bar fight sent someone else to the anger management classes in their place, their anger problems would not be addressed, and they would be likely to transgress again. Rehabilitating a substitute does nothing to accomplish the aim of rehabilitation.
Retribution
A retributive punishment aims to hurt the perpetrator for no other reason than that they deserve it. For example, if someone hurts your friend, you might feel that they deserve to be hurt back and secretly slash their tires. In this case the punishment does not act as a deterrent (since neither they nor anyone else knows what caused it). It also doesn't act to incapacitate them - they are fully capable of hurting your friend again - and does not act to rehabilitate them - as it does not address the reason they hurt your friend. The aim of the punishment is pure vengeance; when someone does something bad, we want bad things to happen to them.
Retribution is not transferable. If we punish someone other than the perpetrator, then we don't inflict harm on the perpetrator. For example, as we saw in Lundgren's case, punishing a cultist did not serve justice and Lundgren did not get what he deserved.
Restitution
A restitutive punishment aims to undo harm to the victim or offset it by compensating them with something else. For example, if a thief steals some money from a victim, we make them give it back. Restitutive punishments aim to return the state of affairs to what it would have been had the transgression not happened.
Restitutive punishments are the only kind of punishment which is transferable. Restitution has everything to do with the victim and nothing to do with the perpetrator; so long as the victim is restored, it doesn't matter who's doing the restoring. For example, if a child breaks a school's window, their parents can pay the school for the broken window on their behalf. The school doesn't demand the money come from the child in particular because they simply want to be compensated for what was lost, not to punish the child (and will likely institute another form of punishment to accomplish the other aims, such as detention or suspension, which they wouldn't allow the parents to take in the child's place).
Substitutionary Atonement & Jesus
As we have seen, substitutionary atonement is impermissible in most cases. It's only permissible in punishments levied entirely for restitution. That's why our society widely practices substitutionary atonement for restitution - we call it 'insurance'. Insurance companies are punished on our behalf when we crash our cars, and they pay restitution to the victims of the crash in our place. The victims don't care whether the money comes from us or from our insurance company; they just want to be compensated. Notably, we don't have insurance for any other kinds of punishments - you can't pay someone to go to jail on your behalf or take remedial driving classes on your behalf, because non-restitution punishments are not transferable.
So what transgression did we commit, and what kind of punishment is Jesus taking in our place? Depending on which Christian you ask, you'll get wildly different answers to this question, but the vast majority of answers boil down to retribution - we did something wrong, or inherited some sin from someone else who did something wrong, and we deserve to be punished for it. However, no answers aim for restitution. Remember that restitution involves restoring the harmed victim and reversing their harm. The punishments of the afterlife - be they eternal conscious torment, oblivion, separation from God, or something else - certainly don't restore the actual victims of our acts. The old lady you cut in line or the man you bore false witness against don't gain anything from you going to hell, except perhaps the satisfaction that you were punished (which falls under retribution, not restitution). Your punishment does not restore anything that was taken away from them or undo any harm done to them. Therefore, in all Christian conceptions, the aims of the punishment we face are non-transferable. Jesus can't die for your sins because justice would not be served.
Objections
So what, you'd rather go to hell?
Yes! If I have truly done something so horrible and vile that justice demands I suffer hell for it, then I ought to go to hell. It would be wrong for me to avoid the punishment I deserve just because someone in charge agreed to look the other way.
The victim of your sins isn't the actual person you hurt - it's God, and Jesus pays restitution to God in your place.
This view maintains that you harm God when you sin, and that your punishment aims not to affect you in any way but only to restore him. But God cannot be harmed - in almost all versions of Christianity, God is perfect and unchanging. You can't steal fifty bucks from God and then be forced to give them back.
Even if your acts displease God, they do not take something away from God - and a punishment of hell or oblivion doesn't give anything back to God. Remember that restitution is entirely about the victim and has nothing to do with the perpetrator; in Christianity, punishment for sins definitely has something to do with the perpetrator.
Many people think that sins are not just crimes against your fellow man, but an offense against God. If you think that sins are deserving of punishment because they are an offense against God, then that falls under retribution, not restitution - this view aims to punish people for offenses they committed against a victim, not to restore that victim.
Your argument doesn't address this particular theology or theologian!
This is true - given the extreme diversity of theological views in Christianity, it would be impossible for me to address them all here. However, the vast majority of Christians believe in a commonsense view of substitutionary atonement and don't base their understanding on any complex theology. As a result, I offer a commonsense analysis to rebut their beliefs. People often get upset that I 'misrepresented the Christian view,' forgetting that their view is not the Christian view, but one of many Christian views.
Jesus's sacrifice wasn't about punishment, it about grace/love/mercy/conquering death/something else.
If you have a different idea about the purpose of Jesus's sacrifice, that's fine. There are many alternative models that explain why Jesus died on the cross, such as moral influence theory and the Christus Victor view, and they are outside the scope of this post. I am specifically rebutting here the idea that Jesus died in our place. If you agree that Jesus did not die to take on some punishment in our place, then my argument has succeeded in what it set out to do.
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2023.03.20 22:16 LoveMangaBuddy Read Jumbo Max - Chapter 8 - MangaPuma
Tateo Sone runs a pharmacy in Odawara and leads an ordinary but happy life with his beautiful wife and daughter-in-law. One day, however, when his wife tells him she is pregnant, he is shocked. It's because he has a secret: he has never had a functioning lower half of his body. His wife's child is not his own...Tateo despairs at the thought. At that time, a man named Sumaoka happens to give him a ... Read Jumbo Max - Chapter 8 - MangaPuma. Read more at https://mangapuma.com/jumbo-max/chapter-8
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2023.03.20 22:16 jargm 3 One shot ideas
- The weird museum
- The archaeological excavation
- The Worldâs fair
The players then need to solve the murder. They could be some kind of investigators, which makes this idea, along with the era, especially fitting for a Call of Cthulhu campaign.
Any Ideas? Maybe a certain twist?
Hopefully you can use one of them for your next one shot! I'd love to hear how they went!
I post stuff like this and more regularly on my blog.